“…In Luzzo's (1993) study exploring the influences on CDSE, including gender, age, race, self‐esteem, vocational identity, career barriers, peer support, vocational outcome expectations, and career indecision, some variables (i.e., gender, race, and career barriers) were found not to have significant effects on CDSE. In Bolat and Odaci's (2017) study, which examined family influences on CDSE, parental income level, rather than education level, was found to affect high school students' CDSE. In the same study, healthy family dynamics and secure attachment with parents were also found to be significantly correlated to positive CDSE.…”