High-Scalability CMOS Quantum Magnetometer With Spin-State Excitation and Detection of Diamond Color Centers

Ibrahim, Mohamed I.; Foy, Christopher; Englund, Dirk; Han, Ruonan

doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3027056

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A combination of R and Δϕ LO is chosen to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the PQSM. The embedded metallic array of the PQSM doubles as a wire array for NV microwave control: , with a subwavelength spacing, an array of the silver wires produces a homogeneous transverse magnetic field, B⃗ , as shown in Figure c. Local excitation and probing of NVs within a pixel are possible by running a current through an individual wire.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption-Based Diamond Spin Microscopy on a Plasmonic Quantum Metasurface

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as a leading quantum sensor platform, combining exceptional sensitivity with nanoscale spatial resolution by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). Because fluorescence-based ODMR techniques are limited by low photon collection efficiency and modulation contrast, there has been growing interest in infrared (IR)-absorption-based readout of the NV singlet state transition. IR readout can improve contrast and collection efficiency, but it has thus far been limited to long-path length geometries in bulk samples due to the small absorption cross section of the NV singlet state. Here, we propose to amplify the IR absorption by introducing a resonant diamond metallodielectric metasurface that concentrates the optical field near the diamond surface. This “plasmonic quantum sensing metasurface” (PQSM) supports plasmonic surface lattice resonances and achieves desired balance between field localization and sensing volume to optimize spin readout sensitivity. From combined electromagnetic and rate-equation modeling, we estimate a near-spin-projection-noise-limited sensitivity below 1 nT Hz–1/2 per μm2 of sensing area using numbers for present-day NV diamond samples and fabrication techniques. The proposed PQSM enables a new form of microscopic ODMR sensing with infrared readout near the spin-projection-noise-limited sensitivity, making it appealing for the most demanding applications such as imaging through scattering tissues and spatially resolved chemical NMR detection.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption-Based Diamond Spin Microscopy on a Plasmonic Quantum Metasurface

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The antenna magnetic measurement sensitivity can be calculated by [10]

\begin{equation}\eta = \frac{\sigma }{{{\gamma _{\rm{e}}}m}}\end{equation}

where σ (unit: V/Hz 1/2 ) is the measured noise floor, given by 2.62 μV/Hz 1/2 (broadband antenna) and 0.65 μV/Hz 1/2 (patch antenna). m (unit: V/MHz) is the maximum slope of the ODMR curve given by 3.05 μV/MHz (broadband) and 1.54 μV/MHz (patch).…”

Section: Broadband Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where γ e is the gyromagnetic ratio, 28 GHz/T. The antenna magnetic measurement sensitivity can be calculated by [10]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond nitrogen‐vacancy centres spin‐state‐based quantum sensor using a compact broadband antenna

Cui

Shen

Qiao

et al. 2022

Electronics Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a compact broadband antenna that is used in the spin-state-based magnetic field quantum sensor. In the diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre system, the qubit resonance is excited by the microwave signal, and the frequency shift is proportional to the external magnetic field strength. Conventional narrow-band antennas or single resonators are not able to match the resonance frequency of the NV centre over a wide bandwidth, resulting in degraded sensitivity and dynamic range of the sensor. Here, the authors designed a compact broadband antenna, which achieves a fractional bandwidth of 71.43% at the Zeeman splitting frequency of 2.87 GHz. With the introduced slot structure on the antenna, a higher microwave near field strength can also be achieved, which improves the magnetic field sensitivity and dynamic range. By applying our design antenna, the experimental results indicate that the NV-based quantum sensor achieves a sensitivity of 3.07 μT/Hz 1/2 and a dynamic range up to 44.9 dB, which are both greatly improved compared to sensor that uses a conventional antenna.

show abstract

“…This requirement can be met by the diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) center which offers high sensitivity from sub-nT to pT [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] , a wide operating temperature range based on the wide band gap of carbon crystals 15 , a wide dynamic range 16 by the independence of the gyromagnetic ratio on the resonance frequency and the intrinsic unsaturation, and the ability to eliminate the effect of temperature drift from the magnetic field measurement by monitoring plural resonance frequencies [17][18][19][20][21][22] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-precision robust monitoring of charge/discharge current over a wide dynamic range for electric vehicle batteries using diamond quantum sensors

Hatano

Shin

Tanigawa

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accurate prediction of the remaining driving range of electric vehicles is difficult because the state-of-the-art sensors for measuring battery current are not accurate enough to estimate the state of charge. This is because the battery current of EVs can reach a maximum of several hundred amperes while the average current is only approximately 10 A, and ordinary sensors do not have an accuracy of several tens of milliamperes while maintaining a dynamic range of several hundred amperes. Therefore, the state of charge has to be estimated with an ambiguity of approximately 10%, which makes the battery usage inefficient. This study resolves this limitation by developing a diamond quantum sensor with an inherently wide dynamic range and high sensitivity for measuring the battery current. The design uses the differential detection of two sensors to eliminate in-vehicle common-mode environmental noise, and a mixed analog–digital control to trace the magnetic resonance microwave frequencies of the quantum sensor without deviation over a wide dynamic range. The prototype battery monitor was fabricated and tested. The battery module current was measured up to 130 A covering WLTC driving pattern, and the accuracy of the current sensor to estimate battery state of charge was analyzed to be 10 mA, which will lead to 0.2% CO2 reduction emitted in the 2030 WW transportation field. Moreover, an operating temperature range of − 40 to + 85 °C and a maximum current dynamic range of ± 1000 A were confirmed.

show abstract

High-Scalability CMOS Quantum Magnetometer With Spin-State Excitation and Detection of Diamond Color Centers

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Absorption-Based Diamond Spin Microscopy on a Plasmonic Quantum Metasurface

Absorption-Based Diamond Spin Microscopy on a Plasmonic Quantum Metasurface

Diamond nitrogen‐vacancy centres spin‐state‐based quantum sensor using a compact broadband antenna

High-precision robust monitoring of charge/discharge current over a wide dynamic range for electric vehicle batteries using diamond quantum sensors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About