High risk for bilateral Warthin tumor in heavy smokers – review of 185 cases

Abstract

Overall, in 203 parotid operations, a lateral parotidectomy (77%) was performed in most cases; 94% were primary surgery and 6% were revision surgery. In 89% of patients swelling was the only symptom. Bilateral Warthin tumor was seen in 17% of patients. Of these cases synchronous and metachronous bilateral tumors were observed in 61% and 39%, respectively. The median time period for second contralateral tumor development was 7 years. Postoperative transient facial dysfunction was observed in 31%, which recovered within 3 months in all cases. Evaluation of risk factors revealed that 89% of the subjects were smokers and 66% were heavy smokers. The risk for bilateral Warthin tumors correlated significantly with the amount of nicotine intake (p=0.003).

Bilateral and multifocal Warthin�s tumor of parotid gland: two case reports and review of literature

“…It predominantly arises in the 6th and 7th decade but it can be virtually diagnosed at any age with a range of 2,5-92 years (3,4). There is a strong association with cigarette smoking, and the frequency of bilateral lesions directly correlates with the amount of nicotine intake (5,(13)(14)(15)(16). In the past decades sex incidence was definitely higher in male gender, although recent studies have confirmed the increasing incidence among female sex that reduced M:F ratio from 10:1 to an almost equal rapport.…”

“…Currently most used nomenclature is the eponym classification that refers to the pathologist who contributed to the characterization of this histological entity. This lesion frequently affects the elderly, and has a close correlation with smoking habits (3)(4)(5). In the past, there was a high prevalence in males, but recent studies have shown a strong growth rate for the female sex, probably due to the rising prevalence of smoking habits among women (6)(7)(8).…”

Warthin’s Tumor at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute: Additional Evidence of Homogeneous Sex Prevalence and Association with Other Neoplasms

“…In this sense, we did not verify a significant association between these two variables in the present sample. However, Peter Klussmann et al [13] performed estimates of the amount of nicotine intake, and we were not able to obtain reliable data on this topic to precisely test their results.…”

“…However, there is also evidence of a specific role for sexual endocrine factors in WT [12] . Very recently, Peter Klussmann et al [13] identified smoking as a significant risk factor for multiple WT. In this sense, we did not verify a significant association between these two variables in the present sample.…”

Prevalence of human papillomavirus and Epstein–Barr virus in salivary gland diseases

“…12 The second most frequently encountered benign salivary gland tumour, papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (or Warthin's tumour) also has a propensity for multifocal or bilateral occurrence. 13 The role of viruses in the tumourigenesis of salivary gland tumours remains unclear. The purpose of this current investigation was to determine the prevalence of HPV and EBV infection in salivary gland neoplasms.…”