High-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and the emerging role of sentinel lymph node biopsy: A literature review

Navarrete‐Dechent, Cristián; Veness, Michael J.; Droppelmann, Nicolás; Uribe, Pablo

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.039

Cited by 89 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In the realm of high-risk SCC, the recent trend toward consideration of sentinel lymph node biopsy magnifies the importance of accurate risk stratification among SCC subtypes. 3 Moreover, although acantholysis is a readily and universally recognized histopathologic feature, minimal criteria for the diagnosis of aSCC, or the relationship of aSCC with other SCC subtypes such as follicular SCC, is uncertain. Yet, a pathologic diagnosis of aSCC is widely accepted among practicing dermatopathologists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1-3 Acantholytic SCC (aSCC) is a distinctive histologic subtype of SCC first described by Lever 4 in 1947 as a form of sweat gland carcinoma. Synonyms in the literature include adenoid SCC (adenoacanthoma of Lever) or pseudoglandular SCC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 The emerging role for sentinel lymph node biopsy for high-risk SCC magnifies the importance of accurate risk stratification for cutaneous SCC. 3 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma is usually associated with hair follicles, not acantholytic actinic keratosis, and is not “high risk”: Diagnosis, management, and clinical outcomes in a series of 115 cases

Ogawa

Kiuru

Konia

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Background Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (aSCC) is regarded as a high-risk variant of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Acantholytic actinic keratosis (aAK) has been regarded as a precursor risk factor for aSCC. However, supporting evidence is limited. Objective We sought to document clinical features, histologic features, management, and outcomes in a series of aSCC cases. Methods Definitions of aSCC, aAK, and aSCC arising in association with aAK were applied to a consecutive series of aSCC cases. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were obtained from electronic medical records. Results Of 115 aSCC cases (103 patients, mean age 71.8 years), actinic keratosis was present in 23% (27/115) but only 7.8% (9/115) exhibited associated aAK. Ten cases (10/115, 9%) fulfilled strict histologic criteria for follicular SCC as previously defined, but 50 of 115 (43%) of our aSCC cases exhibited predominant involvement of follicular epithelium rather than epidermis. Clinical outcome (median follow-up, 36 months) was available in 106 of 115 (92%). One patient experienced regional extension (parotid), and 1 patient experienced a local recurrence (nose). No disease-related metastases or deaths were documented. Limitations This was a single-institution retrospective study from the United States. Conclusions The presence of acantholysis in cutaneous SCC does not specifically confer aggressive behavior, a finding that may inform clinical practice guidelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma is usually associated with hair follicles, not acantholytic actinic keratosis, and is not “high risk”: Diagnosis, management, and clinical outcomes in a series of 115 cases

Ogawa

Kiuru

Konia

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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“…SCC is a common malignancy with several potential primary locations, including the oropharynx, nasopharynx, lung, esophagus, cervix, and anus, with metastasis typically involving regional lymph nodes [8]. Cutaneous SCC constitutes up to 20% of non-melanoma skin cancers, with principal epidemiologic risk factors that include UV exposure, age, and phenotypic variations (including fair skin, blue eyes, and Northern European origin) [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Gastrointestinal Involvement: A Case Report

Schwartz

Schwartz²

2016

Case Rep Oncol

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Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) involving the gastrointestinal tract as the sole site of metastatic disease is exceedingly rare. We report a patient with known cutaneous SCC that metastasized to regional lymph nodes who, after therapy, appeared to be disease free until a small metastatic lesion was identified on colonoscopy within a diverticular orifice. He was subsequently noted to have more diffuse gastrointestinal involvement, including a small bowel lesion not previously identified on imaging. The presence of a gastrointestinal metastatic lesion in this setting should prompt consideration to exclude other synchronous lesions and the need for possible additional systemic therapy.

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“…Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) derived from keratinocytes of the skin can be locally invasive or distantly metastatic [1,2,3]. cSCC is the leading fatal cause in non-melanoma skin cancers [1,3,4] and the second most common skin cancer, accounting for 15%–25% of all cutaneous malignancies [1,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Applications of Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveal Novel Gene Mutations

Hsiao

Chang-Chien

et al. 2016

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The Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (Ion PGM) is a semiconductor-based sequencing technology that is high quality, scalable, and economic. Its applications include genomic sequencing, drug resistance testing, microbial characterization, and targeted sequencing in cancer studies. However, little is known about the application of Ion PGM in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). We therefore investigated the utility and validity of Ion PGM in cSCC and also gained a better understanding of the underlying molecular biology of cSCC. We detected novel gene mutations (KDR, FGFR2, and EGFR) in two cSCC patients. Moreover, we validated these mutations by pyrosequencing and Sanger sequencing. Our results indicated that the mutation screen using Ion PGM is consistent with traditional sequencing methods. Notably, these identified mutations were present at significantly higher rates in high-risk cSCC. Our results demonstrate a method to detect targetable genes in high-risk cSCC, and suggest that Ion PGM may enable therapeutic decision-making and future potential targets for personalized therapies in cSCC.

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High-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and the emerging role of sentinel lymph node biopsy: A literature review

Cited by 89 publications

References 69 publications

Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma is usually associated with hair follicles, not acantholytic actinic keratosis, and is not “high risk”: Diagnosis, management, and clinical outcomes in a series of 115 cases

Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma is usually associated with hair follicles, not acantholytic actinic keratosis, and is not “high risk”: Diagnosis, management, and clinical outcomes in a series of 115 cases

Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Gastrointestinal Involvement: A Case Report

Advances and Applications of Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveal Novel Gene Mutations

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