High-responsivity plasmonics-based GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors

Karar, Ayman; Das, Narottam; Tan, Chee Leong; Alameh, Kamal; Lee, Yong Tak; Karouta, F.

doi:10.1063/1.3625937

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A smaller active area results into reduced carrier transit time [48,49] and reduced capacitance [48,49], thus increased operation speed. In particular, a circular (bull's eye) grating [48,49] was used to deliver SPPs into a subwavelength circular aperture on top of vertical Si [48] or Ge [49] Schottky photodiodes, while a linear grating was used to deliver SPPs into a subwavelength linear slit in a lateral metal-GaAs-metal photodiode configuration [52,53]. Operation speeds beyond 100GHz where estimated [48,49], while responsivity enhancements (compared to a device without the grating) were up to ×4 for linear gratings [52,53] and over ×10 for circular gratings [48,49].…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface Plasmon Polariton Graphene Photodetectors

et al. 2015

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The combination of plasmonic nanoparticles and graphene enhances the responsivity and spectral selectivity of graphene-based photodetectors. However, the small area of the metal-graphene junction, where the induced electron-hole pairs separate, limits the photoactive region to sub-micron length scales. Here, we couple graphene with a plasmonic grating and exploit the resulting surface plasmon polaritons to deliver the collected photons to the junction region of a metal-graphenemetal photodetector. This results into a 400% enhancement of responsivity and a 1000% increase in photoactive length, combined with tunable spectral selectivity. The interference between surface plasmon polaritons and the incident wave introduces new functionalities, such as light flux attraction or repulsion from the contact edges, enabling the tailored design of the photodetector's spectral response. This architecture can also be used for surface plasmon bio-sensing with direct-electricreadout, eliminating the need of complicated optics.Graphene-based photodetectors (PDs) [1,2] have been reported with ultra-fast operating speeds (up to 262GHz from the measured intrinsic response time of graphene carriers [3]) and broadband operation from the visible and infrared [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] up to the THz [17][18][19]. The simplest graphene-based photodetection scheme relies on the metal-graphene-metal (MGM) architecture [5,7,8,11,[20][21][22], where the photoresponse is due to a combination of photo-thermoelectric and photovoltaic effects [5,7,8,11,[20][21][22]. For both mechanisms, the presence of a junction is required to spatially separate excited electronhole (e-h) pairs [5,7,8,11,[20][21][22]. At the metal-graphene junction, a work-function difference causes charge transfer and a shift of the graphene Fermi level underneath the contact [4,5,7,23], compared to that of graphene away from the contact [4,5,7,23], resulting into a build-up of an internal electric field (photovoltaic mechanism) [5,7,24,25] and into a difference of Seebeck coefficients (photo-thermoelectric mechanism) [11,21,26]. An alternative way to create a junction is to use a set of gate electrodes to electrostatically dope graphene [8,11].

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confidence: 99%

Surface Plasmon Polariton Graphene Photodetectors

et al. 2015

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“…These hotspots can be harnessed for a variety of different applications, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, 23 single-molecule detection, [24][25][26][27] photovoltaics, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] biosensing, [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] and photodetectors. 43,44 Prior work has investigated plasmonic effects in microscale interdigital electrodes, 45,46 but the current work extends the research to the nanoscale where plasmonic effects are more significant. Additionally, due to a recently demonstrated fabrication technique that can create sub-10 nm gaps, 47 these new geometries, which have not before been studied, are now carefully explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and optimization of Au-GaAs plasmonic nanoslit array structures for enhanced near-infrared photodetector applications

et al. 2017

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, "Modeling and optimization of Au-GaAs plasmonic nanoslit array structures for enhanced near-infrared photodetector applications," J. Nanophoton. 11(1), 016017 (2017), doi: 10.1117/1.JNP.11.016017. Abstract. This theoretical work explores how various geometries of Au plasmonic nanoslit array structures improve the total optical enhancement in GaAs photodetectors. Computational models studied these characteristics. Varying the electrode spacing, width, and thickness drastically affected the enhancement in the GaAs. Peaks in enhancement decayed as Au widths and thicknesses increased. These peaks are resonant with the incident near-infrared wavelength. The enhancement values were found to increase with decreasing electrode spacing. Additionally, a calculation was conducted for a model containing Ti between the Au and the GaAs to simulate the necessary adhesion layer. It was found that optical enhancement in the GaAs decreases for increasing Ti layer thickness. Optimal dimensions for the Au electrode include a width of 240 nm, thickness of 60 nm, electrode spacing of 5 nm, and a minimum Ti thickness. Optimal design has been shown to improve enhancement to values that are up to 25 times larger than for nonoptimized geometries and up to 300 times over structures with large electrode spacing. It was also found that the width of the metal in the array plays a more significant role in affecting the field enhancement than does the period of the array. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under aCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…Such structures first drew attention for their ability to transmit light in spite of the dimensions of nanoapertures being much smaller than the operating wavelength. This effect is commonly known as the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) [198]. EOT is a result of the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons at the metal surface.…”

Section: Plasmonic Enhancement In Irpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dielectric or metallic nanostructures can enhance the absorption cross-sections of the (A) SEM image of a cleaved PCS and (B) cross-section through the PCS-QWIP structure [193]. Figure 13: Different types of plasmonic structure: (A) bull's eyes structure [195], (B) plasmonic arrays [196], (C) nanoparticles-based plasmonic photodetector [197], and (D) single slit EOT structure [198].…”

Section: Nanostructures For Enhanced Light-matter Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former includes field localization and generation of hotspots [195], plasmon-based singular optics [199], and metamaterial-based transformation [196]. The latter includes structures such as gratings [198] for field coupling into guided modes and subwavelength plasmonic crystals that may be periodic [201] or quasi periodic [194]. Among subwavelength PCs described within the context of IR photodetection, an important position belongs to 2D arrays of nanoapertures in opaque metal film.…”

Section: Plasmonic Enhancement In Irpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging technologies for high performance infrared detectors

2017

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Infrared photodetectors (IRPDs) have become important devices in various applications such as night vision, military missile tracking, medical imaging, industry defect imaging, environmental sensing, and exoplanet exploration. Mature semiconductor technologies such as mercury cadmium telluride and III-V material-based photodetectors have been dominating the industry. However, in the last few decades, significant funding and research has been focused to improve the performance of IRPDs such as lowering the fabrication cost, simplifying the fabrication processes, increasing the production yield, and increasing the operating temperature by making use of advances in nanofabrication and nanotechnology. We will first review the nanomaterial with suitable electronic and mechanical properties, such as two-dimensional material, graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and metal oxides. We compare these with more traditional lowdimensional material such as quantum well, quantum dot, quantum dot in well, semiconductor superlattice, nanowires, nanotube, and colloid quantum dot. We will also review the nanostructures used for enhanced lightmatter interaction to boost the IRPD sensitivity. These include nanostructured antireflection coatings, optical antennas, plasmonic, and metamaterials.

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High-responsivity plasmonics-based GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Surface Plasmon Polariton Graphene Photodetectors

Surface Plasmon Polariton Graphene Photodetectors

Modeling and optimization of Au-GaAs plasmonic nanoslit array structures for enhanced near-infrared photodetector applications

Emerging technologies for high performance infrared detectors

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