High-resolution urban observation network for user-specific meteorological information service in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea

Abstract

Abstract. To improve our knowledge of urban meteorology, including those processes applicable to high-resolution meteorological models in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), the Weather Information Service Engine (WISE) Urban Meteorological Observation System (UMS-Seoul) has been designed and installed. The UMS-Seoul incorporates 14 surface energy balance (EB) systems, 7 surface-based threedimensional (3-D) meteorological observation systems and applied meteorological (AP) observation systems, and the existing surface-based meteorological observation network. The EB system consists of a radiation balance system, sonic anemometers, infrared CO 2 /H 2 O gas analyzers, and many sensors measuring the wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, precipitation, and air pressure. The EBproduced radiation, meteorological, and turbulence data will be used to quantify the surface EB according to land use and to improve the boundary-layer and surface processes in meteorological models. The 3-D system, composed of a wind lidar, microwave radiometer, aerosol lidar, or ceilometer, produces the cloud height, vertical profiles of backscatter by aerosols, wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity, and liquid water content. It will be used for highresolution reanalysis data based on observations and for the improvement of the boundary-layer, radiation, and microphysics processes in meteorological models. The AP system includes road weather information, mosquito activity, water quality, and agrometeorological observation instruments. The standardized metadata for networks and stations are documented and renewed periodically to provide a detailed observation environment. The UMS-Seoul data are designed to support real-time acquisition and display and automatically quality check within 10 min from observation. After the quality check, data can be distributed to relevant potential users such as researchers and policy makers. Finally, two case studies demonstrate that the observed data have a great potential to help to understand the boundary-layer structures more deeply, improve the performance of high-resolution meteorological models, and provide useful information customized based on the user demands in the SMA.

Clinical Features, Epidemiology, and Climatic Impact of Genotype-specific Human Metapneumovirus Infections: Long-term Surveillance of Hospitalized Patients in South Korea

“…Meteorological data between January 2007 and December 2016 were collected from the database of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA; https://data.kma.go.kr/). The surface observation for the KMA was conducted by the Seoul automated synoptic observing system (ASOS station 108), and the 16 meteorological elements, including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure, among others, were measured every 3 hours [13].…”

A Building-Block Urban Meteorological Observation Experiment (BBMEX) Campaign in Central Commercial Area in Seoul

“…To acquire a 3-dimensional meteorological feature in a BB, 3 types of meteorological observation system were installed and assembled (Table 2): the GHM station, 7 fixed automatic weather stations, and 2 mobile meteorological observation systems. GHM station is a part of the UMS-Seoul network [13]; it is installed on the rooftop of Building D, whose height is 70 m (Figure 1c). The GHM station has a surface energy balance system, ceilometer, wind lidar, and microwave radiometer [13].…”

“…GHM station is a part of the UMS-Seoul network [13]; it is installed on the rooftop of Building D, whose height is 70 m (Figure 1c). The GHM station has a surface energy balance system, ceilometer, wind lidar, and microwave radiometer [13]. The surface energy balance system includes a thermal infrared Imager (TIR), real-image camera, 3-dimensional sonic anemometer with a CO 2 /H 2 O gas analyzer, temperature and relative humidity sensor, wind speed and direction sensor.…”

“…The height and density of buildings, and land cover types become the main criteria for classifying urban climate zones. These are key factors in determining the surface roughness and zero-plane displacement lengths for describing wind and sky views, as well as temperature inside or over building-blocks (BBs) [12].Recently, high-resolution meteorological information has become essential for attaining sustainable and resilient cities [13,14].…”

“…Recently, high-resolution meteorological information has become essential for attaining sustainable and resilient cities [13,14].…”