High‐resolution stratigraphy of Quaternary fluvial deposits in the Makó Trough and the Danube‐Tisza Interfluve, Hungary, based on magnetic susceptibility data

Abstract

High‐resolution stratigraphical architecture of a Quaternary fluvial succession in the Makó Trough and the Danube‐Tisza Interfluve (Pannonian Basin, Hungary) was investigated based on low field magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements of seven fully cored boreholes, interpreted on the basis of the early postglacial magnetic susceptibility episodes previously described in the Körös and Jászság Basins. To confirm the reliability of the Dévaványa and Vésztő MS records (Körös Basin), the published magnetostratigraphical data were re‐investigated revealing the consequent arrangement of the MS peaks correlated with the Jingbian section and the short‐lived polarity reversals correlated with the Geomagnetic Instability Time Scale. The Quaternary climatic regime in the Körös Basin begins in the late Pliocene at 2.7 Ma. The correlation between the Körös Basin (Dévaványa) and Makó Trough (Mindszent) was confirmed by the multi‐proxy spectral investigation of the Mindszent section, revealing ~100‐ and ~41‐ka cycles in the MS, colour, logged spontaneous potential and resistivity records. Based on MS records of the seven boreholes, the base of the Quaternary can be identified irrespective of the facies, age and climatic phase of the lowermost Quaternary strata. By performing MS and log correlation of 131 boreholes, extended unconformities were detected in the Quaternary profiles in the Danube‐Tisza Interfluve (~1070±10, ~1920±10 and ~2300±10 ka) interpreted as sequence boundaries. Sedimentological and mineralogical data reveal a significant change at ~725–606 ka likely as a response to the ‘mid‐Pleistocene transition’, leading to the multiple branching of the Danube. SEM data revealed that ilmenite is also responsible for the development of the early postglacial magnetic susceptibility episodes. This increases the stratigraphical potential of fluvial successions with catchment area that contain metamorphic rocks. A gradual retreat of permafrost zone determines long‐term temporal trends of the climatically controlled fluvial magnetic susceptibility episodes, causing upward decreasing trends in the time series.

Assessing heterogeneous groundwater systems: Geostatistical interpretation of well logging data for estimating essential hydrogeological parameters

“…For instance, the variability in shale volume across the hydrostratigraphical units underscored the horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of subsurface geology 49 , 71 . The broad range of the estimated parameters depicted the heterogeneous nature of coarsening upward, alluvial, and Late Miocene units in which highly permeable materials coexisted within the less permeable zones 43 . The presence of low permeability shaly layers can act as barriers to flow, influencing the direction and velocity of groundwater movement.…”

“…1 ). It is integral to the Great Hungarian Plain (GHP) in which substantial variations in land elevation have transpired due to contemporary tectonic movements, erosion, and extensive sedimentation processes 43 . The geological movements have notably influenced the topography in the study area, leading to an elevation ranging from 88 to 160 m above sea level (a.s.l).…”

Obliquity‐driven mountain permafrost‐related fluvial magnetic susceptibility cycles in the Quaternary mid‐latitude long‐term (2.5 Ma) fluvial Maros Fan in the Pannonian Basin

“…Thus, as an alternative explanation, the early postglacial mountain permafrost‐related interpretation of the χ LF maxima in the Quaternary sequence was proposed (Püspöki et al . 2016, 2020, 2021a). This was confirmed by the regular coincidence of the regional occurrence of mountain permafrost‐related fluvial χ LF maxima and extreme increases of the global ice volume (Püspöki et al .…”

“…However, the ~41‐ka cycles cannot be detected in these source‐distal fluvial settings (Püspöki et al . 2021a, b).…”