High-Resolution MR Imaging of the Human Brainstem In vivo at 7 Tesla

Deistung, Andreas; Schäfer, Andreas; Schweser, Ferdinand; Biedermann, Uta; Güllmar, Daniel; Trampel, Robert; Turner, Robert; Reichenbach, Jürgen R.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00710

Cited by 84 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…102 The potential advantages of SWI in DBS and Gamma Knife radiosurgery, among other procedures, have led to a significant number of studies further examining the role of SWI in applications for functional neurosurgery. 1,14,22,39,43,44,55,66,74,80,91,103,106,116 Fig. 10.…”

Section: Swi In Functional Neurosurgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…96 Complications can arise when coordinates obtained from MR images and atlas mapping do not correspond, leading to malpositioning of electrodes. 85 SWI can be used to clearly visualize the red nucleus, 103 substantia nigra (SN), globus pallidus (GP), subthalamic nucleus (STN), 1 along with various brainstem nuclei, such as the inferior olive and spinal trigeminal nucleus 22 (based on differential iron deposition), which can assist in presurgical planning and diagnostic purposes. The ability of SWI to depict the venous network around the brainstem will provide neurosurgeons with even more information to plan surgical approaches in the infratentorial regions, as well as decide the final placement of electrodes, which can help prevent intracerebral hemorrhage.…”

Section: Deep Brain Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance susceptibility weighted imaging in neurosurgery: current applications and future perspectives

Ieva¹,

Lam²,

Alcaide‐Leon

et al. 2015

JNS

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T he initial development of MR venography by Reichenbach et al. 90 laid the foundation for Haacke et al. 42 to apply the principles of MR venography in conventional MRI for broader usage in clinical and research settings. By utilizing magnitude and phase information, both of which are normally acquired from conventional MRI data, susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) has an enhanced ability to detect microhemorrhages 4,12,26 and microvasculature. 26,27,41,92 It is a highly sensitive imaging modality able to depict magnetic substances, such as deoxygenated hemoglobin, with high contrast 42 and to help investigate neurological diseases, 82 grade tumors, 25,63 and assist in determining treatment or prognosis. 18,26,37,70,71,115 Over the past years, the SWI technique has found applications in the different fields of neurosurgery, namely neurooncology, vascular neurosurgery, neurotraumatolabbreviatioNs AVM = arteriovenous malformation; CCM = cerebral cavernous malformation; CMB = cerebral microbleed; CVS = cortical vessel sign; DAI = diffuse axonal injury; DBS = deep brain stimulation; DWI = diffusion-weighted imaging; GBM = glioblastoma multiforme; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; GPe = external globus pallidus; GPi = internal GP; GRE = gradient-recalled echo; ITSS = intratumoral susceptibility signal; mIP = minimum intensity projection; MRA = MR angiography; MS = multiple sclerosis; PD = proton density; PQ = percentagewise quantification; PWI = perfusion-weighted imaging; SN = substantia nigra; STN = subthalamic nucleus; SWI = susceptibility weighted imaging; TBI = traumatic brain injury; VM = vascular malformation. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a relatively new imaging technique. Its high sensitivity to hemorrhagic components and ability to depict microvasculature by means of susceptibility effects within the veins allow for the accurate detection, grading, and monitoring of brain tumors. This imaging modality can also detect changes in blood flow to monitor stroke recovery and reveal specific subtypes of vascular malformations. In addition, small punctate lesions can be demonstrated with SWI, suggesting diffuse axonal injury, and the location of these lesions can help predict neurological outcome in patients. This imaging technique is also beneficial for applications in functional neurosurgery given its ability to clearly depict and differentiate deep midbrain nuclei and close submillimeter veins, both of which are necessary for presurgical planning of deep brain stimulation. By exploiting the magnetic susceptibilities of substances within the body, such as deoxyhemoglobin, calcium, and iron, SWI can clearly visualize the vasculature and hemorrhagic components even without the use of contrast agents. The high sensitivity of SWI relative to other imaging techniques in showing tumor vasculature and microhemorrhages suggests that it is an effective imaging modality that provides additional information not shown using conventional MRI. Despite SWI's clinical advantages, its implementation in MRI protocols is st...

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Section: Swi In Functional Neurosurgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deep Brain Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance susceptibility weighted imaging in neurosurgery: current applications and future perspectives

Ieva¹,

Lam²,

Alcaide‐Leon

et al. 2015

JNS

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“…We have assembled articles from a number of scientists who have made important contributions to this evolving field, and continue to shape it. The articles have been divided into a functional (Brooks et al, 2013;Henderson and Macefield, 2013;Ress and Chandrasekaran, 2013;Ritter et al, 2013) and a structural section (Deistung et al, 2013;Ford et al, 2013;Lambert et al, 2013;Yeo et al, 2013;Singleton et al, 2014).The functional section starts with a review by Brooks et al The wealth of methods and applications covered by the authors indicates that functional and structural brainstem-MRI methods have developed to a point where they can be applied to study of a wide range of neuroscientific problems. It is the hope of the editors that the brainstem will soon lose its label of a terra incognita and become a region of major interest in the neuroscience community.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structural section begins with an article by Deistung et al (2013) introducing quantitative susceptibility mapping as a new means to boost the identification of anatomical details in structural MRI images. Lambert et al (2013) use quantitative MRI and tensor based morphometry in a large study sample to characterize aging in the human brainstem.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Investigating the human brainstem with structural and functional MRI

2014

Frontiers Research Topics

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The brainstem is one of the least understood parts of the human brain despite its prime importance for the maintenance of basic vital functions. Owing to its role as a relay station between spinal cord, cerebellum, and neocortex, the brainstem contains vital nodes of all functional systems in the central nervous system, including the visual, auditory, gustatory, vestibular, somatic, and visceral senses, and the somatomotor as well as autonomic nervous systems. The brainstem also contains cholinergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic nuclei whose cortical and subcortical projections are essential to the regulation of arousal, behavior, and cognition. Despite this indisputable importance, the brainstem is still largely neglected in attempts to measure or model brain function, especially in human neuroscience. One reason for this neglect is that the anatomical characteristics of the brainstem, specifically its close vicinity to large arteries and ventricles, and the small size of its anatomical substructures, present inherent challenges to neuroimaging analysis. These properties make the brainstem a difficult structure to study with non-invasive methods like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as they place high demands on image acquisition as well as data analysis methods. Nevertheless, the field of brainstem-(f)MRI has significantly advanced in the past few years, largely due to the development of several new tools that facilitate studying this critical part of the human brain.Within this scope, the current goal of this research topic is to compile work representing the state of the art in functional and structural MRI of the human brainstem. We have assembled articles from a number of scientists who have made important contributions to this evolving field, and continue to shape it. The articles have been divided into a functional (Brooks et al., 2013;Henderson and Macefield, 2013;Ress and Chandrasekaran, 2013;Ritter et al., 2013) and a structural section (Deistung et al., 2013;Ford et al., 2013;Lambert et al., 2013;Yeo et al., 2013;Singleton et al., 2014).The functional section starts with a review by Brooks et al. The wealth of methods and applications covered by the authors indicates that functional and structural brainstem-MRI methods have developed to a point where they can be applied to study of a wide range of neuroscientific problems. It is the hope of the editors that the brainstem will soon lose its label of a terra incognita and become a region of major interest in the neuroscience community.

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Depth‐dependence of visual signals in the human superior colliculus at 9.4 T

Loureiro

Hagberg

Ethofer

et al. 2016

Human Brain Mapping

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The superior colliculus (SC) is a layered structure located in the midbrain. We exploited the improved spatial resolution and BOLD signal strength available at 9.4 T to investigate the depth profile of visual BOLD responses in the human SC based on distortion-corrected EPI data with a 1 mm isotropic resolution. We used high resolution (350 µm in-plane) anatomical images to determine regions-of-interest of the SC and applied a semi-automated method to segment it into superficial, intermediate, and deep zones. A greater than linear increase in sensitivity of the functional signal at 9.4 T allowed us to detect a statistically significant depth pattern in a group analysis with a 20 min stimulation paradigm. Descriptive data showed consistent depth profiles also in single individuals. The highest signals were localized to the superficial layers of the right and left SC during contralateral stimulation, which was in good agreement with its functional architecture known from non-human primates. This study thus demonstrates the potential of 9.4 T MRI for functional neuroimaging even in deeply located, particularly challenging brain structures such as the SC. Hum Brain Mapp 38:574-587, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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High-Resolution MR Imaging of the Human Brainstem In vivo at 7 Tesla

Cited by 84 publications

References 80 publications

Magnetic resonance susceptibility weighted imaging in neurosurgery: current applications and future perspectives

Magnetic resonance susceptibility weighted imaging in neurosurgery: current applications and future perspectives

Investigating the human brainstem with structural and functional MRI

Depth‐dependence of visual signals in the human superior colliculus at 9.4 T

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