The SC is atrophied in MS. The magnitude of SCA is greater in progressive versus relapsing forms and correlates with clinical disability. The pooled estimate of annual rate of SCA is greater than reported rates of brain atrophy in MS. These results demonstrate that SCA is highly relevant as an imaging outcome in MS clinical trials.

Background We investigated prognostic models based on clinical, radiologic, and radiomic feature to preoperatively identify meningiomas at risk for poor outcomes. Methods Retrospective review was performed for 303 patients who underwent resection of 314 meningiomas (57% World Health Organization grade I, 35% grade II, and 8% grade III) at two independent institutions, which comprised primary and external datasets. For each patient in the primary dataset, 16 radiologic and 172 radiomic features were extracted from preoperative magnetic resonance images, and prognostic features for grade, local failure (LF) or overall survival (OS) were identified using the Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank tests and recursive partitioning analysis. Regressions and random forests were used to generate and test prognostic models, which were validated using the external dataset. Results Multivariate analysis revealed that apparent diffusion coefficient hypointensity (HR 5.56, 95% CI 2.01–16.7, P = .002) was associated with high grade meningioma, and low sphericity was associated both with increased LF (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.5, P = .02) and worse OS (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.47–5.56, P = .002). Both radiologic and radiomic predictors of adverse meningioma outcomes were significantly associated with molecular markers of aggressive meningioma biology, such as somatic mutation burden, DNA methylation status, and FOXM1 expression. Integrated prognostic models combining clinical, radiologic, and radiomic features demonstrated improved accuracy for meningioma grade, LF, and OS (area under the curve 0.78, 0.75, and 0.78, respectively) compared to models based on clinical features alone. Conclusions Preoperative radiologic and radiomic features such as apparent diffusion coefficient and sphericity can predict tumor grade, LF, and OS in patients with meningioma.

Support vector machine classification based on textural features of contrast-enhanced T1WI is noninferior to expert human evaluation in the differentiation of primary central nervous system lymphoma and enhancing glioma.

The natural history of lesions with imaging features of MVNT is overall stable from a clinical and imaging appearance over time.

In only 1 of the analyses was there a statistically significant result, which favoured treatment <1 day. The inconsistent results and heterogeneity within most analyses highlight the lack of evidence for best timing of endovascular treatment in SAH patients.

T he initial development of MR venography by Reichenbach et al. 90 laid the foundation for Haacke et al. 42 to apply the principles of MR venography in conventional MRI for broader usage in clinical and research settings. By utilizing magnitude and phase information, both of which are normally acquired from conventional MRI data, susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) has an enhanced ability to detect microhemorrhages 4,12,26 and microvasculature. 26,27,41,92 It is a highly sensitive imaging modality able to depict magnetic substances, such as deoxygenated hemoglobin, with high contrast 42 and to help investigate neurological diseases, 82 grade tumors, 25,63 and assist in determining treatment or prognosis. 18,26,37,70,71,115 Over the past years, the SWI technique has found applications in the different fields of neurosurgery, namely neurooncology, vascular neurosurgery, neurotraumatolabbreviatioNs AVM = arteriovenous malformation; CCM = cerebral cavernous malformation; CMB = cerebral microbleed; CVS = cortical vessel sign; DAI = diffuse axonal injury; DBS = deep brain stimulation; DWI = diffusion-weighted imaging; GBM = glioblastoma multiforme; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; GPe = external globus pallidus; GPi = internal GP; GRE = gradient-recalled echo; ITSS = intratumoral susceptibility signal; mIP = minimum intensity projection; MRA = MR angiography; MS = multiple sclerosis; PD = proton density; PQ = percentagewise quantification; PWI = perfusion-weighted imaging; SN = substantia nigra; STN = subthalamic nucleus; SWI = susceptibility weighted imaging; TBI = traumatic brain injury; VM = vascular malformation. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a relatively new imaging technique. Its high sensitivity to hemorrhagic components and ability to depict microvasculature by means of susceptibility effects within the veins allow for the accurate detection, grading, and monitoring of brain tumors. This imaging modality can also detect changes in blood flow to monitor stroke recovery and reveal specific subtypes of vascular malformations. In addition, small punctate lesions can be demonstrated with SWI, suggesting diffuse axonal injury, and the location of these lesions can help predict neurological outcome in patients. This imaging technique is also beneficial for applications in functional neurosurgery given its ability to clearly depict and differentiate deep midbrain nuclei and close submillimeter veins, both of which are necessary for presurgical planning of deep brain stimulation. By exploiting the magnetic susceptibilities of substances within the body, such as deoxyhemoglobin, calcium, and iron, SWI can clearly visualize the vasculature and hemorrhagic components even without the use of contrast agents. The high sensitivity of SWI relative to other imaging techniques in showing tumor vasculature and microhemorrhages suggests that it is an effective imaging modality that provides additional information not shown using conventional MRI. Despite SWI's clinical advantages, its implementation in MRI protocols is st...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Determining the diagnostic accuracy of different MR sequences is essential to design MR imaging protocols. The purpose of the study was to compare 3T sagittal FSE T2, STIR, and T1-weighted phase-sensitive inversion recovery in the detection of spinal cord lesions in patients with suspected or definite MS.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Estimates of blood volume and volume transfer constant are parameters commonly used to characterize hemodynamic properties of brain lesions. The purposes of this study were to compare values of volume transfer constant and estimates of blood volume in high-grade gliomas on a pixel-by-pixel basis to comprehend whether they provide different information and to compare estimates of blood volume obtained by dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR imaging.