High Resolution Gel Permeation Chromatography Followed by GC–ECD for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Soybeans

An Overview About Recent Advances in Sample Preparation Techniques for Pesticide Residues Analysis in Cereals and Feedstuffs

“…Some pesticides with high molecular mass (e.g. pyrethroids) need not be sufficiently separated from wide elution band of co-extractants that can result in lower recoveries [64].…”

Gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry method validation for target pesticides in soybeans

“…Extraction of pesticides from soybeans or soy-derived products has been achieved mostly by QuEChERS (standing for Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) (Lehotay et al 2010;Wang et al 2013;Huertas Pérez et al 2015;Páleníková et al 2015;Kim et al 2016;May et al 2017). Other sample preparation procedures involved liquid extraction without clean-up (Pizzutti Ionara R. et al 2007;Pizzutti I. R. et al 2009;Domingos Alves et al 2016), or followed by either SPE (Hirahara et al 2005) or d-SPE (Nguyen et al 2010), GPC (Presta et al 2009), disposable pipette extraction (Li et al 2012) or matrix solid-phase dispersion (Maldaner et al 2008).…”

“…Most of the published methods for the determination of pesticides in soybeans or soy products are based on LC-MS/ MS (Pizzutti Ionara R. et al 2007;Pizzutti I. R. et al 2009;Lehotay et al 2010;Huertas Pérez et al 2015;Domingos Alves et al 2016;Kim et al 2016;May et al 2017;Viera et al 2017), GC-MS (Hirahara et al 2005;Nguyen et al 2010;Li et al 2012) or GC-MS/MS (Páleníková et al 2015). LC coupled to high resolution MS (LC-HRMS) (Xinyi et al 2007;Wang et al 2013), LC-UV (Maldaner et al 2008) and GC coupled to electron capture detector (Presta et al 2009) have also been applied. One of the key problems in quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in food samples by chromatography hyphenated to MS are the matrix effects, which produce an enhancement or suppression of the target analyte signals in matrix extracts (Erney et al 1997;Hajšlová and Zrostlıḱová 2003;LeDoux 2011).…”

Pressurized Liquid Extraction and HPLC Analysis for Determination of Polyphenols in Tobacco

“…Because of the great extracting power of PLE, the extract obtained contains numerous interfering substances, which makes its purification mandatory. The methods of purification most commonly used are solvent-solvent extraction (SSE), gelpermeation chromatography (GPC) 10 and solid-phase extraction (SPE) with glass columns or commercial cartridges. Solventsolvent extraction consumes large amounts of solvents, disposal of which environmentally hazardous.…”