High resolution field ionization mass spectrometry of the condensable phase of cigaret smoke

Forehand, J. B.; Kuhn, W

doi:10.1021/ac50160a073

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[10][11][12] Since the mid-1960s, FI-MS faced competition from another quite soft ionization method, i.e., from chemical ionization (CI). [15][16][17] By 1970, even high-resolution (HR) field ionization-mass spectrometry (FI-MS) had been accomplished 18,19 and the developments were summarized in Beckey's first monograph. 20 The next major advancement was the introduction of field desorption (FD), where analytes are deposited onto the field emitter (anode) from solution.…”

Section: Historical Sketchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, accurate mass FI data has already been obtained in the 1970s. 18,19,134,219 Due to the low ion currents it is not trivial to achieve high resolution while maintaining a well-defined peak shape and good signal-to-noise ratio to deliver the mass accuracy required for formula assignment. Another problem is related to the fact that common mass calibrants like perfluorokerosine (PFK) and perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA aka FC43) exhibit very low ionization efficiency in FI, thereby limiting their application as internal calibrants.…”

Section: Accurate Mass Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From the discovery of field ionization to field desorption and liquid injection field desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry—A journey from principles and applications to a glimpse into the future

Gross

2020

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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The discovery of the ionizing effect of strong electric fields in the order of volts per Ångstrom in the early 1950s eventually led to the development of field ionization-mass spectrometry (FI-MS). Due to the very low ion currents, and thus, limited by the instrumentation of the 1960s, it took some time for the, by then, new technique to become adopted for analytical applications. In FI-MS, volatile or at least vaporizable samples mainly deliver molecular ions, and consequently, mass spectra showing no or at least minor numbers of fragment ion signals. The next major breakthrough was achieved by overcoming the need to evaporate the analyte prior to ionization. This was accomplished in the early 1970s by simply depositing the samples onto the field emitter and led to field desorption-mass spectrometry (FD-MS). With FD-MS, a desorption ionization method had become available that paved the road to the mass spectral analysis of larger molecules of low to high polarity and even of organic salts. In FD-MS, all of these analytes deliver spectra with no or at least few fragment ion peaks. The last milestone was the development of liquid injection field desorption/ionization (LIFDI) in the early 2000s that allows for sample deposition under the exclusion of atmospheric oxygen and water. In addition to sampling under inert conditions, LIFDI also enables more robust and quicker operation than classical FI-MS and FD-MS procedures. The development and applications of FI, FD, and LIFDI had mutual interference with the mass analyzers that were used in combination with these methods. Vice versa, the demand for using these techniques on other than magnetic sector instruments has effectuated their adaptation to different types of modern mass analyzers. The journey started with magnetic sector instruments, almost skipped quadrupole analyzers, encompassed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) and orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (oaTOF) analyzers, and finally arrived at Orbitraps. Even interfaces for continuous-flow LIFDI have been realized. Even though being niche techniques to some degree, one may be confident that FI, FD, and LIFDI have a promising future ahead of them. This Account takes you on the journey from principles and applications of the title methods to a glimpse into the future.

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Section: Historical Sketchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accurate Mass Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the discovery of field ionization to field desorption and liquid injection field desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry—A journey from principles and applications to a glimpse into the future

Gross

2020

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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Felddesorptions-Massenspektrometrie

1975

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Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry

Beckey

Schulten

1975

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.

152

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Field desorption (FD) enables mass-spectrometric investigation of large organic molecules without their vaporization. The present state of our theoretical understanding of the ionization of these molecules in the adsorbed state on organic emitters is described. The special problems of the technique and prospective developments in the apparatus for future analytical problems are outlined. The present progress report concentrates on analytical studies of biochemical model compounds and degradation products from environmental chemicals and drugs. The method is particularly suitable for the detection and identification of submicrogram quantities of underivatized polar substances present in complex mixtures or pre-purified extracts from biological materials. Anyeit. Chrm. inl~l'iiur Edil Vol 14 flY75i ' N o 6 414 Aiiqex. Chmm. blrernar. Edir. I Val. 14 ( 1 9 7 5 ) ' No. 6

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High resolution field ionization mass spectrometry of the condensable phase of cigaret smoke

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

From the discovery of field ionization to field desorption and liquid injection field desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry—A journey from principles and applications to a glimpse into the future

From the discovery of field ionization to field desorption and liquid injection field desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry—A journey from principles and applications to a glimpse into the future

Felddesorptions-Massenspektrometrie

Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry

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