High resolution computed tomographic evaluation of bronchial wall thickness in healthy and clinically asthmatic cats

Won, Sungjun; Yun, Sookyung; Lee, Jeosoon; Lee, Mi-Kyung; Choi, Mincheol; Yoon, Junghee

doi:10.1292/jvms.16-0476

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…As described in earlier feline literature, we noted that the pulmonary arteries had a larger diameter than the corresponding bronchi. 12,13,15 However, in normal dogs the bronchi tend to have a larger diameter than the adjacent pulmonary arteries, with a bronchial lumen to pulmonary artery ratio range of 0.8–2.0. 21,22 Based on previous literature, a peak inspiration pressure of 15 cm H 2 O was chosen in order to avoid motion artefacts during image acquisition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, to the previous feline literature, we noticed that the pulmonary arteries have a greater diameter than the corresponding bronchi. 12,13,15 On the other hand in normal dogs the bronchi tend to have a larger diameter than the adjacent pulmonary arteries with a bronchial lumen to pulmonary artery ratio range between 0.8-2.0. 21,22 To the best of our knowledge, no imaging studies have previously correlated the diameter of the feline pulmonary arteries with the corresponding pulmonary veins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14] Bronchial wall thickness was also evaluated in healthy and asthmatic cats to correlate this parameter with feline asthma. 15 Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of information in the literature regarding detailed imaging and gross anatomy of the feline bronchial tree, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins and pulmonary venous ostia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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64-multidetector CT anatomical assessment of the feline bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures

Panopoulos¹,

Auriemma

Specchi

et al. 2018

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The aim of the study was to provide a detailed anatomical study of the feline bronchial and vascular structures by using CT angiography (CTA). Methods Adult cats with no respiratory clinical signs were enrolled in a CTA protocol to provide an anatomical study of the thorax. The dimensions, number of branches and branching pattern (monopodial vs dichotomic) of both bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures were evaluated under positive inspiration apnoea. A linear generalised estimating equations analysis (Spearman’s rho) was used to identify statistical correlation between tracheal diameter, age and body weight of the cats. Results Fourteen cats met the inclusion criteria. The pulmonary arteries had larger diameters than the pulmonary veins, and the pulmonary veins had larger diameters than the bronchial structures. A higher number of segmental bronchial and pulmonary vascular branches was observed in the left caudal lung lobe than in the other lobes. The monopodial branching pattern of both bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures was predominant in all cats of our study (100%) in cranial, caudal and right middle lung lobes, while a dichotomic branching pattern of the bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures of the accessory lung lobe was seen in 13 cats (93%). Thirteen cats (93%) had three pulmonary vein ostia, and one cat (7%) also presented with an additional left intermediate pulmonary vein ostium. Variation in the number of segmental pulmonary vein branches was noted in the right caudal lung lobe. There was no statistical correlation between tracheal diameter, age and weight. Conclusions and relevance Architecture of the feline bronchovascularr structures belongs to a mixed type of monopodial and dichotomic branching pattern. In cats, the pulmonary venous drainage system predominately presents three pulmonary vein ostia. Variations in the type of formation and the number of branches of the pulmonary venous drainage system were noted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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64-multidetector CT anatomical assessment of the feline bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures

Panopoulos¹,

Auriemma

Specchi

et al. 2018

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…In cats with naturally developing asthma, subjective and objective measures of bronchial wall thickness were increased compared with healthy controls in two studies; 30,31 in asthmatic pet cats, lesions were diffuse and, overall, there were increases in lung attenuation. 30 Experimentally asthmatic cats had CT scans showing increased bronchial wall thickening, ground-glass opacity, consolidation and parenchymal bands.…”

Section: Discriminating Between Asthma and Heartworm Diseasementioning

confidence: 97%

Feline asthma and heartworm disease: Clinical features, diagnostics and therapeutics

Garrity

Lee‐Fowler

Reinero

2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Practical relevance: For feline practitioners, the cat with a cough or respiratory distress and thoracic radiographs with a bronchial or bronchointerstitial pattern suggests lower airway disease. Two important differentials, allergic asthma and heartworm disease (HWD), have many overlapping clinicopathologic features, but also clear and important differences in terms of cause and disease progression, treatment and prognosis. Notably, asthma is readily treatable and HWD is preventable. Clinical significance: Feline HWD comprises two clinical syndromes: the comparatively recently described heartworm-associated respiratory disease (HARD) and adult HWD. The former is much more common; very few cats with HARD develop adult HWD. In HARD, following death of immature worms, pulmonary lesions may improve over time (‘self-cure’). Lesions of adult HWD also improve over time as long as reinfection does not occur; however, with death of adult heartworms, mortality is high, and the prognosis is guarded. In asthma, morbidity is relatively high, but mortality is low, with an overall good to excellent prognosis. Disease recognition: Feline asthma is encountered worldwide. In the authors’ impression, feline HWD is often under-recognized. Aims: The aim of this review is to assist clinicians in differentiating feline asthma from feline HWD; as such, the emphasis is on distinguishing clinical features, as well as on diagnostics, therapy and prognosis. In differentiating these conditions, clinicians can attempt the goal of properly managing these diseases and can best educate owners on prognosis. Evidence base: For both feline asthma and feline HWD, the authors have drawn on the available peer-reviewed literature studies involving experimental models as well as spontaneous disease.

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Feline Asthma

Trzil¹

2020

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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High resolution computed tomographic evaluation of bronchial wall thickness in healthy and clinically asthmatic cats

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

64-multidetector CT anatomical assessment of the feline bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures

64-multidetector CT anatomical assessment of the feline bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures

Feline asthma and heartworm disease: Clinical features, diagnostics and therapeutics

Feline Asthma

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