High-resolution acoustophoretic 3D cell patterning to construct functional collateral cylindroids for ischemia therapy

Abstract

The fabrication of functional tissues is essential for clinical applications such as disease treatment and drug discovery. Recent studies have revealed that the mechanical environments of tissues, determined by geometric cell patterns, material composition, or mechanical properties, play critical roles in ensuring proper tissue function. Here, we propose an acoustophoretic technique using surface acoustic waves to fabricate therapeutic vascular tissue containing a three-dimensional collateral distribution of vessels. Co-aligned human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human adipose stem cells that are arranged in a biodegradable catechol-conjugated hyaluronic acid hydrogel exhibit enhanced cell-cell contacts, gene expression, and secretion of angiogenic and anti-inflammatory paracrine factors. The therapeutic effects of the fabricated vessel constructs are demonstrated in experiments using an ischemia mouse model by exhibiting the remarkable recovery of damaged tissue. Our study can be referenced to fabricate various types of artificial tissues that mimic the original functions as well as structures.

3D printing of Haversian bone–mimicking scaffolds for multicellular delivery in bone regeneration

“…Previous studies demonstrated cortical bone-mimicking scaffolds without cancellous bone structure via DLP-based 3D printing (21). However, besides cancellous bone structure, the biological functions of these structures, the key points of tissue reconstruction in vivo, were neglected (22). Thus, a simple model mimicking the primary structure and function of Haversian bone is necessary.…”

Using Remote Fields for Complex Tissue Engineering

“…This method allowed cell arrays to be preserved for long-term in vitro tissue engineering after removal of the acoustic field. Since 2016, devices have been developed to generate lines of myoblasts for skeletal muscle tissue engineering [45] ( Figure 4A), assemblies of beating cardiomyocytes for cardiac tissue engineering [46,47], levitated sheets of neuroprogenitors for neural tissue engineering [48] ( Figure 4B) and arrays of endothelial cells for neovascularization [49,50] (Figure 4C). These examples use simple geometric arrays to create lines, columns, or sheets, however, in the future it may be possible to create customized tissue architecture by employing more flexible holographic assembly routes [51,52].…”

“…(iii) Image of aligned vessels, perfused with fluorescent dextran (green), 1 week after subcutaneous transplantation, scale bar = 200 mm. Reproduced, with permission, from [50]. systems, which can require considerable expense and expertise to operate and maintain, tend to be sold as multifunctional apparatus rather than tailored to particular end-user applications.…”

Using Acoustic Fields to Fabricate ECM-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Applications

“…The use of ultrasound to non-invasively pattern cells is of growing interest to tissue engineering, as spatial cues such as relative position, spacing, and density of cells serve as important determinants of cellular behavior [71][72][73]. USWF exposures have been used to pattern a variety of cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, Schwann cells, and myocytes to produce enhanced collagen gel contraction [74], vascular network formation [75][76][77], and cellular alignment [78][79][80][81], respectively.…”