High Resolution 3d Acquisition and Modelling in Cultural Heritage Knowledge and Restoration Projects: The Survey of the Fountain of Neptune in Bologna

Abstract

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In 2016, the Municipality of Bologna (Italy) has undertaken the restoration of one of the symbols of the entire city, the Fountain of Neptune, in evident state of degradation. The works have touched upon all the aspects of this complex object and the project has seen involved the Municipality and the University of Bologna, the Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione e il Restauro (ISCR) (Rome) and the Visual Computing Lab of the CNR – ISTI (Pisa), in a modern and highly multi-disciplinary approach.</p><p>One of the key elements of the project was made up by the creation of an information system ad hoc developed to permit, in an innovative, efficient and user-friendly way, the collection, sharing, management and analysis of all the information and data related to diagnostics and restoration actions. The base of the information system is a very detailed 3D model of the monument, realized by means of the most modern techniques for objects 3D modelling (laser scanning, digital photogrammetry and 3D scanning) integrated together with the aim to obtain a photo-textured 3D model characterized by a sub-millimetre precision level in the geometric description and a high perceptive fidelity of colour reproduction.</p><p>The surveying activities and data processing, performed by the DICAM Geomatics group of the University of Bologna (with the collaboration of the MCM Company of Rome), are described in the paper, with considerations on the problems encountered and the procedures and solutions adopted. The information system has been developed by CNR-ISTI.</p>

3d Digitisation in Cultural Heritage Knowledge and Preservation: The Case of the Neptune Statue in Bologna and Its Archetype

“…Because of the object complexity and the need for products at different scales of detail, the surveying activities required the use of different techniques in a strict integration: traditional 3D terrestrial topography by Total Station for the object georeferencing; time-of-flight laser scanning for acquiring a general point cloud of the monument and the neighbouring context ( Figures 4 and 5); high resolution 3D scanning (light structured projection) and digital photogrammetry for generating a very detailed photo-textured 3D model of the whole monument. The main surveying and data processing operations are described in detail in (Girelli et al, 2019). A first overall 3D point cloud of the entire fountain, complete with the underground, required 27 scans measured by the laser scanner Riegl VZ400 (declared precision 3 mm).…”

The Complex of Santa Croce in Ravenna as a Case Study: Integration of 3d Techniques for Surveying and Monitoring of a Historical Site

“…Geomatics nowadays can offer many techniques devoted to the digitalization, the documentation and the management of objects related to archaeology and built heritage (e.g. Ioannides & Quak, 2014;Tucci, Bonora, Conti, & Fiorini, 2017;Balletti, Bertellini, Gottardi, & Guerra, 2019;Bitelli et al, 2019;Girelli, Tini, Dellapasqua, & Bitelli, 2019) and the management of these data inside interdisciplinary researches is of increasing interest.…”

“…The final goal of the workflow is the creation of a georeferenced 3D model of the complex system related to the whole area, integrated with other products in support of the multi-disciplinary studies carried out in the framework of the SHELTER project. The collected data will be useful for different purposes: documentation, preservation, restoration, structural health monitoring, GIS and HBIM establishment, touristic exploration (Bitelli, Dellapasqua, Girelli, Sanchini, & Tini, 2017;Girelli et al, 2019).…”

Geomatic Contribution for the Restoration Project of the Valentino Castle Green Room. From Data Acquisition to Integrated Documentation

“…Nowadays, one of the main challenges posed to researchers working in the field of heritage documentation is related to the development of new effective strategies and techniques able to provide full support to restorers without scarifying the criteria of accuracy, precision and data manageability. According to these aims, the main methods that nowadays are able to provide valuable support in the different documentation phases preliminary to a restoration project (Girelli et al 2019) are represented by both range-based techniques, e.g. connected with the use of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems, and image-based approaches, involving the acquisition of digital images that are after that processed using a photogrammetric computer vision approach.…”