High-refractive-index polymer coatings for optoelectronics applications

Flaim, Tony D.; Wang, Yubao; Mercado, Ramil

doi:10.1117/12.513363

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Recently, high refractive index PI coatings with high thermal stability have been proposed for optoelectronic applications, such as charge coupled device (CCD) image sensors, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors, and so on. [18][19][20] However, up to now, the high refractive index values obtained in the literatures have mainly been achieved by incorporation with metal oxide compounds, such as titanium dioxide or zirconium oxide. 18 To our knowledge, few works have been reported to develop PIs with inherent high refractive index up to now.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[18][19][20] However, up to now, the high refractive index values obtained in the literatures have mainly been achieved by incorporation with metal oxide compounds, such as titanium dioxide or zirconium oxide. 18 To our knowledge, few works have been reported to develop PIs with inherent high refractive index up to now. Thus, it is a challenging project to combine the high thermal stability of PIs with the high refractive indices of sulfur substituents, thus to afford new optical materials with good combined properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Characterization of High Refractive Index Polyimides Derived from 4,4′-(p-Phenylenedisulfanyl)dianiline and Various Aromatic Tetracarboxylic Dianhydrides

Liu

Nakamura

Shibasaki

et al. 2007

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:A series of sulfur-containing polyimides with high refractive indices have been synthesized from an aromatic sulfur-containing diamine, 4,4 0 -(p-phenylenedisulfanyl)dianiline (2SPDA) and various aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides via a two-step polycondensation procedure. 2SPDA was synthesized by the Williamson reaction of 4-aminothiophenol with 1,4-dichlorobenzene in a yield of 75.8%. The flexible and tough polyimide films exhibited good thermal stability with the glass transition temperatures of 214.6-261.6 C, the 5% weight loss temperatures of 509-537 C, and residual weights of 83-91% at 550 C in nitrogen. The films also exhibited the good transmittances of higher than 80% at 500 nm. The average refractive indices (n av ) and in-plane/out-of-plane birefringence (Án) measured at 632.8 nm are in the range of 1.7117-1.7356 and 0.0074-0.0119, respectively. The good transparency in the visible region, high n av , and low Án of the PI films are very suitable for optical applications.

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Synthesis and Characterization of High Refractive Index Polyimides Derived from 4,4′-(p-Phenylenedisulfanyl)dianiline and Various Aromatic Tetracarboxylic Dianhydrides

Liu

Nakamura

Shibasaki

et al. 2007

Polym J

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“…Similar efforts have been applied for other purposes. [5][6][7][8] However, systematic analyses are required to evaluate the potential of nanocomposite lens materials for WALO-CSP processes. The effective refractive index, effective Abbe number, scattering loss and components requirements are calculated and discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced nanocomposite lens materials for wafer-level optics

Gan¹

2010

Optoelectronic Devices and Integration III

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Solvent-free, photo-curable, transparent, colorless and haze-free liquid optical polymer materials are primary choices for lenses in wafer level optics. Advanced lens materials are being explored for quality optical, thermal and mechanical properties. Such materials are desired to pass thermal reliability tests, survive stack-reflow processes, have low coefficient of thermal expansion, have high refractive index and extreme dispersion, possess low stress and shrinkage and etc. Novel nanocomposite materials based on 1) finely constructed core-shell nanoparticles with photopolymerizable surfactant crosslink function groups and 2) compatible polymer matrices are promising candidates for imaging and sensing systems with breakthrough performance.

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“…However, most such attempts result in a deterioration of the intrinsic optical properties of the polymers. Polyimides are considered one of the best high-n polymers due to their good thermal stabilities, high anti-ultraviolet abilities, excellent mechanical properties, outstanding dielectric properties, and relatively high inherent refractive indices [8]. Furthermore, the refractive indices of polyimides can be improved by introducing some organic groups with high molar refractions and low molecular volumes into them according to the Lorentz-Lorenz equation [9], and sulfur-containing groups may be the most promising substituent in this respect [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of thioether-containing polyimides with high refractive indices

Huang

et al. 2012

J Polym Res

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Colorless and transparent polymers with high refractive indices and high temperature resistance have aroused great interest in the industrial community. Here, a series of polyimides (PIs) were prepared from a newly synthesized thioether-containing dianhydride, 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxy-phenylenesulfanyl)-benzene dianhydride, and various diamines by a two-step polycondensation reaction. Some flexible and tough films were obtained by casting solutions of them in poly(amic acid) (PAA). The tensile strengths and elongations at break of these PI films were greater than 58 MPa and 10%, respectively. All of them were thermally stable up to 500°C in both air and nitrogen. Their glass transition temperatures were in the range from 204.5 to 265.8°C. PI films with a thickness of 10-20 μm showed good optical transparency in the visible light region. Their cutoff wavelengths were lower than 400 nm and their transmittance was higher than 80% at 460 nm. The thioether linkages in the PIs endowed them with high average refractive indices (n AV ) of 1.68-1.74 and low birefringence values (Δn) of 0.0085-0.0120.

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High-refractive-index polymer coatings for optoelectronics applications

Cited by 54 publications

References 3 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of High Refractive Index Polyimides Derived from 4,4′-(p-Phenylenedisulfanyl)dianiline and Various Aromatic Tetracarboxylic Dianhydrides

Synthesis and Characterization of High Refractive Index Polyimides Derived from 4,4′-(p-Phenylenedisulfanyl)dianiline and Various Aromatic Tetracarboxylic Dianhydrides

Advanced nanocomposite lens materials for wafer-level optics

Synthesis and characterization of thioether-containing polyimides with high refractive indices

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