High‐Quality Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Film Formation for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

In the last decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone unprecedented rapid development and become a promising candidate for a new‐generation solar cell. Among various PSCs, typical 3D halide perovskite‐based PSCs deliver the highest efficiency but they suffer from severe instability, which restricts their practical applications. By contrast, the low‐dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite‐based PSCs have recently raised increasing attention due to their superior stability. Yet, the efficiency of RP perovskite‐based PSCs is still far from that of the 3D counterparts owing to the difficulty in fabricating high‐quality RP perovskite films. In pursuit of high‐efficiency RP perovskite‐based PSCs, it is critical to manipulate the film formation process to prepare high‐quality RP perovskite films. This review aims to provide comprehensive understanding of the high‐quality RP‐type perovskite film formation by investigating the influential factors. On this basis, several strategies to improve the RP perovskite film quality are proposed via summarizing the recent progress and efforts on the preparation of high‐quality RP perovskite film. This review will provide useful guidelines for a better understanding of the crystallization and phase kinetics during RP perovskite film formation process and the design and development of high‐performance RP perovskite‐based PSCs, promoting the commercialization of PSC technology.

Benefitting from Synergistic Effect of Anion and Cation in Antimony Acetate for Stable CH3NH3PbI3‐Based Perovskite Solar Cell with Efficiency Beyond 21%

“…[ 17,18 ] Additive engineering has been considered as a facile and effective approach to improve the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. [ 19,20 ] A large number of substances including polymers, organics, inorganic acid, and metal halides have been added into perovskite precursor solutions as additives to fabricate high‐quality perovskite films and tailor the optical and electronic properties of perovskite films. [ 21,22 ] For example, typical Lewis base and Lewis acid additives can reduce defects via interacting with uncoordinated Pb 2+ and I − .…”

Advances and Challenges in Two-Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites Toward High-Performance Light-Emitting Diodes

“…In addition, the existence of organic cations greatly improves the stability of perovskites [29]. Therefore, 2D perovskites have become star materials used in many fields, including LEDs [30,31], solar cells [32][33][34][35], photodetectors [36,37], lasers [38,39] and sensors [40].…”

Benzodithiophene‐Based Spacers for Layered and Quasi‐Layered Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Layered hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites (commonly called 2D perovskites) have recently emerged as promising advanced semiconductors to replace the traditional pseudo‐cubic “3D” lead halide perovskites in applications such as solar cells, photodetectors, and light emitting diodes, since they offer significantly improved stability and greater tunability of optoelectronic properties [1–5] . The structure of the most‐commonly studied layered lead halide perovskites (i. e., the Ruddlesden–Popper, RP, phase) consists of sheets of corner‐sharing PbX 6 octahedra (X=Cl, Br, I) separated by layers of bulky monocation‐functionalized organic spacers, R, giving a chemical formula of (R) 2 PbX 4 that can be simply prepared as thin films using solution‐based methods.…”

“…Layered hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites (commonly called 2D perovskites) have recently emerged as promising advanced semiconductors to replace the traditional pseudo‐cubic “3D” lead halide perovskites in applications such as solar cells, photodetectors, and light emitting diodes, since they offer significantly improved stability and greater tunability of optoelectronic properties. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] The structure of the most‐commonly studied layered lead halide perovskites (i. e., the Ruddlesden–Popper, RP, phase) consists of sheets of corner‐sharing PbX 6 octahedra (X=Cl, Br, I) separated by layers of bulky monocation‐functionalized organic spacers, R, giving a chemical formula of (R) 2 PbX 4 that can be simply prepared as thin films using solution‐based methods. Layered lead halide perovskites (LLHPs) formed from typical R cations including butylammonium (BA) and phenylethylammonium (PEA) have been extensively studied in device applications, both in their pure RP phase form and in quasi‐layered structures where the number of inorganic layers ( n ) is increased relative to the organic; the latter increases the light absorption and charge carrier transport since BA and PEA are optically transparent and electrically insulating.…”