High Quality Factor Graphene-Based Two-Dimensional Heterostructure Mechanical Resonator

Abstract

Ultralight mechanical resonators based on low-dimensional materials are well suited as exceptional transducers of minuscule forces or mass changes. However, the low dimensionality also provides a challenge to minimize resistive losses and heating. Here, we report on a novel approach that aims to combine different two-dimensional (2D) materials to tackle this challenge. We fabricated a heterostructure mechanical resonator consisting of few layers of niobium diselenide (NbSe) encapsulated by two graphene sheets. The hybrid membrane shows high quality factors up to 245,000 at low temperatures, comparable to the best few-layer graphene mechanical resonators. In contrast to few-layer graphene resonators, the device shows reduced electrical losses attributed to the lower resistivity of the NbSe layer. The peculiar low-temperature dependence of the intrinsic quality factor points to dissipation over two-level systems which in turn relax over the electronic system. Our high sensitivity readout is enabled by coupling the membrane to a superconducting cavity which allows for the integration of the hybrid mechanical resonator as a sensitive and low loss transducer in future quantum circuits.

Flexible and High‐Performance All‐2D Photodetector for Wearable Devices

“…As a result, the heterointerface is atomically regular, and the band edge is sharp . Thus far, extensive theoretical and experimental efforts have been devoted to 2D contacts, and all‐2D devices including transistors, light‐emitting diodes, humidity sensors, complementary inverters, field emission tunnel diodes, mechanical resonators, and tactile sensors . Recently, there emerged several attempts on all‐2D photodetectors .…”

Entangling distant solid-state spins via thermal phonons

“…We choose the value of the detuning as δ = (2π)4 MHz to satisfy the condition α = 1/40 ≪ 1. For a mechanical quality factor of Q = 4·10 3 , which is even lower than in experimental realizations [47][48][49], we have the dissipation rate γ = (2π)10 kHz. For NV center spins, the extended coherence time can reach up to millisecond, and the effective decoherence rate can be estimated as Γ ∼ (2π)100 Hz with continuous dynamical decoupling methods [50].…”

Suspended Graphene Membranes with Attached Silicon Proof Masses as Piezoresistive Nanoelectromechanical Systems Accelerometers

“…10 Therefore, graphene is an extremely interesting functional material for ultra-small nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) devices. 8,[11][12][13][14][15] Suspended atomically thin graphene structures that include doubly-clamped graphene beams, fully clamped graphene membranes and graphene cantilevers have been extensively studied and 3 have been utilized in electromechanical resonators, [16][17][18][19][20] various types of pressure sensors, 9,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] strain sensors, 29,30 high responsivity photodetectors, 31 NEMS switches, 32 earphones, 33 loudspeakers, 34 microphones 35,36 and other NEMS devices. 7,[37][38][39][40][41][42] NEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes typically require masses that are attached to suspended membranes, beams or cantilevers.…”