High-Q LC Filters for FDM Read out of Cryogenic Sensor Arrays

Arrays of transition-edge sensors (TESs) X-ray microcalorimeters can provide high energy resolution and a large area necessary for the future X-ray mission Athena (2028∼). An array with 4000 TESs will be employed on the X-ray satellite for the first time. The detector can achieve energy resolution of 2.5-3.0 eV and a high quantum efficiency in the energy range of 0.3-12 keV. Multiplexing the readout is necessary to minimize the number of readout amplifiers, the amount of wiring in the cryostat, and the cooling power required at the base-temperature. We are developing frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) readout of TES microcalorimeters. In the FDM configuration, the TES is ac voltage biased at well-defined frequencies (between 2 and 6 MHz). For the development of the readout of the Athena instrument, we are using a nearly quantum-limited high-dynamic-range two-stage superconducting quantum interference device amplifier from VTT and high-Q lithographical LC resonators. In this paper, we will present the current status of the development of FDM readout of TES microcalorimeters. We will report on the results obtained using arrays fabricated at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center group.

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“…In SRON, we are developing high-Q lithographical LC resonators. These LC resonators show high Q-factors as large as 10 000 [5].…”

Section: Setup and Tes Calorimeter Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments of Frequency-Domain Multiplexing of TES Arrays for a Future X-Ray Satellite Mission

Akamatsu

Gottardi

Adams

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…We take a factor of 10 as requirement (not a budget), so R ESR < 4 mΩ or Q > ωL/R ESR ≅ 3000 f [MHz]. In practice, our current lithographic processes quite consistently provide R ESR of the order of 1.5 mΩ [30], which is low enough to ignore in the subsequent analysis. The pulse rise and decay time are given approximately by the electrical and effective thermal timescales, respectively [ …”

Section: Time Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirements for the detectors and read-out of ATHENA X-IFU

et al. 2014

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The detector system of the X-Ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU), one of the two ATHENA focal plane instruments will be an ambitious step forward in the field of astronomical X-ray detection. We describe its baseline configuration, consisting of 3840 Transition Edge Sensors (TES) microcalorimeters with an energy resolution of 2.5 eV FWHM, spanning a 5 arcminute field-of-view and allowing an imaging resolution of 5 arcsec. The detectors are read out in 96 channels of 40 pixels each, using frequency domain multiplexing (FDM). Each channel contains a dual-stage SQUID pre-amplifier and a low-noise amplifier (LNA). In order to enhance the dynamic range of the SQUIDs a specific technique, baseband feedback (BBFB), is applied. The generation of the carrier and feedback signals, and the signal processing are done in the digital domain. We review the requirements for the main elements of this system, needed to ensure the high performance of the detector system. From the resolution requirements for the detectors follows a budget for contributions to the energy resolution on top of the intrinsic detector resolution. This budget forms the basis for the assessment of the dynamic range requirements for the SQUID and the LNA and the DACs and the ADC. Requirements are also derived for the levels of crosstalk and non-linearity in the readout chain.

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“…Shown in Fig. 2 is a bracket with (counter clockwise, starting upper left-corner) a 64-pixel detector array, matching LC filter array [12], interconnection chip, and the same PTB C5 SQUID on fan-out chip. The bracket fits in a light-tight housing.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Noise Readout of TES Detectors with Baseband Feedback Frequency Domain Multiplexing

et al. 2012

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SRON is developing an electronic read-out system for an array of transition edge sensors (TES) based on the techniques of frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) and base-band feedback (BBFB). The astronomical applications of our system are the read-out of soft X-ray micro-calorimeters in a potential instrument on the European X-ray mission-under-study Athena and far-IR bolometers for the SAFARI instrument on the Japanese mission SPICA. In this paper we demonstrate the simultaneous locking of up to 51 BBFB loops. While locked, the in-band read-out noise of the loops is shown to reach the 10 pA/ √ Hz level required for these missions.

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High-Q LC Filters for FDM Read out of Cryogenic Sensor Arrays

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Developments of Frequency-Domain Multiplexing of TES Arrays for a Future X-Ray Satellite Mission

Developments of Frequency-Domain Multiplexing of TES Arrays for a Future X-Ray Satellite Mission

Requirements for the detectors and read-out of ATHENA X-IFU

Low-Noise Readout of TES Detectors with Baseband Feedback Frequency Domain Multiplexing

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