High Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension

Tyfoxylou, Ernestini; Voulgaris, N.; Gravvanis, Christos; Vlachou, Sophia; Markou, Αthina; Papanastasiou, Labrini; Tentolouris, Nikolaοs; Kassi, Eva; Kaltsas, Gregory; Piaditis, George

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092308

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, increasing the risk in people with hypertension. Although hypertension and diabetes mellitus may be diagnosed simultaneously, many instances of hypertension occurring before the development of diabetes mellitus may indicate that it develops on its own or as a result of metabolic syndrome [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Association Between Calcium Serum Level and Hypertension in Older Adults

Sabah¹,

Zomia²,

Deajim³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Introduction: One of the major global risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and death is hypertension. Earlier research has been conducted on the connection between calcium consumption and blood pressure. Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between calcium serum levels and hypertension in older hypertensive adults. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 121 of hypertension patients was conducted in Prince Faisal Bin Khalid Cardiac Center. The data of all patients were collected by records, including lab, pathology, and medical review, in order to determine the effects on patients, providers, and institutions. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics version 26.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 121 adult hypertensive patients with a mean of age 60.29 ± 13.92. The majority of included patients were male (81%). More than one-third of patients were obese (39.7%), about one-third (33.9%) were overweight, and 26.4% of patients were in normal weight. The majority of patients had co-morbidities (68.3%); about one-half of them had diabetes mellitus (52.1%). The calcium level mean was 5.07 ± 1.26. The creatine kinase (CK) (initial day) mean ± SD was 813.22 ± 1146.37 became 221.4 ± 330.67 on the last day. The CK-myocardial band (CK-MB) (initial day) was 65.43 ± 118.9 and became 24.38 ± 23.26 on the last day. Additionally, the troponin (initial day) mean was 23.49 ± 104.26 and became 1.65 ± 2.66 on the last day. The most common discharge medications were anti-platelets (95%), beta-blockers (78.5%), statins (70.2%), and proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) (64.5%). The hospital stay days ranged from 1 to 20 days with a mean of 4.83 ± 3.38. The ICU stay days ranged from 1 to 15 days with a mean of 3.57 ± 2.72. Most of the patients (90.9%) improved. Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between calcium levels in hypertensive patients and the demographic characteristics of patients, home or current medications, ECHO findings, or procedures done. However, there is a significant correlation between the calcium level and CK level among patients with hypertension. Further investigations are required to verify the relationship between CK and calcium levels in hypertensive patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Association Between Calcium Serum Level and Hypertension in Older Adults

Sabah¹,

Zomia²,

Deajim³

et al. 2023

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[91] Current guidelines do not yet endorse screening for PA in patients with atrial fibrillation. [12,38] Stroke, [92,93] diabetes mellitus, [94,95] and obesity [96] are other disorders associated with overt PA. Further epidemiologic and mechanistic studies are needed to understand these associations prior to expanding PA screening recommendations.…”

Section: Other Conditions Associated With Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Aldosteronism Prevalence – An Unfolding Story

Charoensri

Turcu

2023

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes

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Primary aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by dysregulated, renin-independent aldosterone excess. Long perceived as rare, PA has emerged as one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension. Failure to recognize and treat PA results in cardiovascular and renal complications, through processes mediated by both direct target-tissue insults, and indirectly, by hypertension. PA spans a continuum of dysregulated aldosterone secretion, which is typically recognized in late stages, after treatment-resistant hypertension and cardiovascular and/or renal complications develop. Determining the precise disease burden remains challenging, due to heterogeneity in testing, arbitrary thresholds, and populations studied. In this review, we summarize the reports on PA prevalence among the general population and in specific high-risk subgroups, highlighting the impact of rigid versus permissive criteria on PA prevalence perception.

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“…ПА ассоциируется с инсулинорезистентностью и увеличением частоты сахарного диабета (СД) [8,11,[15][16][17]. Жировая ткань обладает метаболической активностью.…”

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“…Это может быть связано с применением высокочувствительного теста с дексаметазоном, каптоприлом, вальсартаном. Комбинированное подавление ренина, ангиотензина II и адренокортикотропного гормона (АКТГ), возможно, привело к повышению чувствительности теста и выявлению нетяжёлых форм ПА [17].…”

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Primary aldosteronism: current diagnostic approach

Енисеева¹

2022

BMJ

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Primary aldosteronism is characterized by autonomous hypersecretion of aldosterone which is not associated with acti-vation of the renin-angiotensin system. Activation of mineralocorticoid receptors causes hypertension, hypokalemia, and increases the risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease and death. Present knowledge suggests that the prevalence of primary aldosteronism is much higher than they previously thought, and that milder forms of renin-independent aldosterone secretion are not detected. The review discusses the features of screening, the reasons for the low detection of the disease, the groups of patients with a high probability of primary aldosteronism, and methodological approaches to evaluating the screening results. Attention is drawn to the necessity of genetic testing in young patients with a family history of primary aldosteronism. Various methods for studying renin and aldosterone, the influence of the choice of method on the assessment of the aldosterone-renin ratio, and the reasons for the erroneous interpre-tation of the results are discussed. The indications for confirmatory tests and evaluation of their results are considered. The necessity of identifying unilateral or bilateral lesions of the adrenal glands for determining the choice of treat-ment method is substantiated. The capabilities of computed tomography and comparative selective blood sampling from the adrenal veins in revealing unilateral lesion are compared. The importance of timely diagnosis of primary aldo-steronism and its targeted treatment to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with aldosterone hypersecretion is emphasized.

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High Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Association Between Calcium Serum Level and Hypertension in Older Adults

A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Association Between Calcium Serum Level and Hypertension in Older Adults

Primary Aldosteronism Prevalence – An Unfolding Story

Primary aldosteronism: current diagnostic approach

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