High prevalence of pfcrt K76T and mdr1 N86Y mutations in Sonitpur district of Assam, India

Goswami, Dibakar; Dhiman, Sunil; Rabha, Bipul; Kumar, Dinesh; Baruah, Indra; Veer, Vijay; Bhola, Rakesh Kumar; Sharma, Diwakar

doi:10.1007/s12639-013-0298-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the present study, out of the 30 samples, 96.6 per cent showed the presence of pfcrt -K76T (mutant) gene and 3.3 per cent had pfcrt -K76 (wild-type) gene, 84.2 per cent samples showed the presence of pfmdr1- N86Y (mutant) gene and 15.8 per cent showed pfmdr1 -N86 (wild-type) gene. 72.1 per cent prevalence of pfcrt -K76T mutation compared to pfmdr1 -N86Y mutation (41.8%) was found in Sonitpur district of Assam in earlier studies 26 . Ninety nine per cent of isolates with mutant pfcrt genotype (76T) over 68 per cent with mutant pfmdr1 genotype (86Y) was found in north Lakhimpur and Hailakandi 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Molecular detection of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum mutants in Assam

et al. 2023

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Background & objectives: The spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum ( Pf ) poses a serious threat to the control and elimination of malaria. The objective of this study was to detect the molecular biomarkers of antimalarial drug resistance in Pf in patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Assam. Methods: Malaria was first detected in fever cases using microscopy and a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and then confirmed using PCR. Pf chloroquine resistance transporter ( Pfcrt ), Pf multidrug resistance-1 ( Pfmdr-1 ), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked to delayed parasite clearance after treatment with artemisinin MAL 10 -688956 and MAL 13 -1718319 and Kelch-13 propeller ( PfK-13 ) genes were evaluated by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: Sixty nine cases of malaria were found among 300 cases of fever. Of these, 54 were positive for Pf , 47 of which were confirmed by PCR. Pfcrt -K76T mutation was seen in 96.6 per cent and Pfmdr1 -N86Y mutation in 84.2 per cent of cases. Mutation was not detected in MAL10 and MAL13 genes. Sequence analysis of Kelch-13 gene showed the presence of a novel mutation at amino acid position 675. Statistically, no significant association was found between the molecular biomarkers and demographic profile, clinical presentation and outcome of the cases. Interpretation & conclusions: Molecular surveillance is essential to assess the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs against circulating Pf isolates in Assam which are found to be highly resistant to CQ. The role of the new mutation found in the Kelch-13 gene in the development of artemisinin resistance in Assam needs to be thoroughly monitored in future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Molecular detection of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum mutants in Assam

et al. 2023

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“…Malaria is commonly reported in many states of India and neighbouring countries and the problem of reduced susceptibility to commonly used antimalarial drugs specifically in P. falciparum has been a growing concern for malaria control programme in India [ 11 , 12 ]. In addition to the threat to life, malaria has been found to have detrimental effect on the prosperity of the society by impeding the overall development, including effect on population growth, productivity and medical cost [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Aristolochia griffithii and Thalictrum foliolosum DC extracts against malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

et al. 2016

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BackgroundResistance development in human malaria parasites against commonly used antimalarial drugs has necessitated the scientific exploration of traditionally used antimalarial plants. Plant derivatives have been used for curing malaria historically. The present study involves in vitro evaluation of two medicinally important plants Aristolochia griffithii and Thalictrum foliolosum DC used in antimalarial chemotherapy by the tribes of northeast India.MethodChloroform, ethyl acetate and n–butanol extracts of Aristolochia griffithii and Thalictrum foliolosum DC were evaluated in vitro against chloroquine sensitive (SS) and chloroquine resistance strains (RS) of P. falciparum. The tests were conducted following WHO standard method and the inhibition of parasite (IC50) was calculated.ResultsIn A. griffithii, the IC50 value for ethyl acetate extracts against SS was 6.2 ± 0.02 μg/ml and found to be lower than chloroform extracts, which exhibited an IC50 value of 14.1 ± 0.1 μg/ml (t = 191.1; p < 0.0001). The IC50 values of both chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts for RS were higher as compared to the SS (p < 0.0001). In T. foliolosum DC the IC50 concentration of chloroform extracts for SS and RS were 0.5 ± 0.0 and 1.1 ± 0.0 μg/ml respectively (t = 54.2; p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe present findings, although preliminary, but scientifically demonstrate that identification and isolation of active compounds of these two plant materials and testing against different Plasmodium species could lead to the development of potential antimalarial drugs for future.

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Malaria in North-East India: Importance and Implications in the Era of Elimination

Sarma¹,

Mohapatra

Bhattacharyya

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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Worldwide and in India, malaria elimination efforts are being ramped up to eradicate the disease by 2030. Malaria elimination efforts in North-East (NE) India will have a great bearing on the overall efforts to eradicate malaria in the rest of India. The first cases of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance were reported in NE India, and the source of these drug resistant parasites are most likely from South East Asia (SEA). NE India is the only land route through which the parasites from SEA can enter the Indian mainland. India’s malaria drug policy had to be constantly updated due to the emergence of drug resistant parasites in NE India. Malaria is highly endemic in many parts of NE India, and Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the majority of the cases. Highly efficient primary vectors and emerging secondary vectors complicate malaria elimination efforts in NE India. Many of the high transmission zones in NE India are tribal belts, and are difficult to access. The review details the malaria epidemiology in seven NE Indian states from 2008 to 2018. In addition, the origin and evolution of resistance to major anti-malarials are discussed. Furthermore, the bionomics of primary vectors and emergence of secondary malaria vectors, and possible strategies to prevent and control malaria in NE are outlined.

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High prevalence of pfcrt K76T and mdr1 N86Y mutations in Sonitpur district of Assam, India

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular detection of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum mutants in Assam

Molecular detection of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum mutants in Assam

Preliminary in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Aristolochia griffithii and Thalictrum foliolosum DC extracts against malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Malaria in North-East India: Importance and Implications in the Era of Elimination

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