Preliminary in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Aristolochia griffithii and Thalictrum foliolosum DC extracts against malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Abstract

BackgroundResistance development in human malaria parasites against commonly used antimalarial drugs has necessitated the scientific exploration of traditionally used antimalarial plants. Plant derivatives have been used for curing malaria historically. The present study involves in vitro evaluation of two medicinally important plants Aristolochia griffithii and Thalictrum foliolosum DC used in antimalarial chemotherapy by the tribes of northeast India.MethodChloroform, ethyl acetate and n–butanol extracts of Aristolochia griffithii and Thalictrum foliolosum DC were evaluated in vitro against chloroquine sensitive (SS) and chloroquine resistance strains (RS) of P. falciparum. The tests were conducted following WHO standard method and the inhibition of parasite (IC50) was calculated.ResultsIn A. griffithii, the IC50 value for ethyl acetate extracts against SS was 6.2 ± 0.02 μg/ml and found to be lower than chloroform extracts, which exhibited an IC50 value of 14.1 ± 0.1 μg/ml (t = 191.1; p < 0.0001). The IC50 values of both chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts for RS were higher as compared to the SS (p < 0.0001). In T. foliolosum DC the IC50 concentration of chloroform extracts for SS and RS were 0.5 ± 0.0 and 1.1 ± 0.0 μg/ml respectively (t = 54.2; p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe present findings, although preliminary, but scientifically demonstrate that identification and isolation of active compounds of these two plant materials and testing against different Plasmodium species could lead to the development of potential antimalarial drugs for future.

Pharmacological, ethnopharmacological, and botanical evaluation of subtropical medicinal plants of Lower Kheng region in Bhutan

“…Data mining or literature review on all 61 species of medicinal plants for their reported pharmacological activities revealed that 52 of them have been already subjected to scientific studies and only eight species remained unstudied ( Table 1 ). 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 Most of the LAMP grow in the temperate, subtropical and tropical agroclimatic regions and are distributed worldwide. Consequently, same or similar medicinal plants are found common in traditional medicines practiced in the Asia–Pacific and African countries, although they may be used for treating different ailments in different countries.…”

Biological Activities of Organic Extracts of the Genus Aristolochia: A Review from 2005 to 2021

“…In abdominal pain, the use of a decoction of the roots is used. In the treatment of malaria, the plant is used in decoction [21,22,108].…”

In Vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Oedera genistifolia

“…Although these drugs have been recognized to be effective, the side effects on long usage cannot be neglected and are coupled with other demerits such as high cost, drug failure and a high resistance rate. Consequently, these aforementioned reasons have underscored the unending and urgent need for the discovery and development of potent, cost-effective and innocuous antimalarial drugs [2][3][4].…”

“…Historically, plants and their derivatives have been reported to be the foundation for the discovery of leads used in the designing of drugs to treat various types of human diseases [2]. It is appraised that 66-85% of the world's population relies on folkloric herbs and the search for drugs derived from plants has been increasing in the last two decades [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…African medicinal plants are known to contain a large variety of bioactive compounds and extracts of these plants have been screened for various biological activities, in the pursuit for prospective novel therapeutic drugs against the different human and animal illnesses [17,18]. Several plant bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthraquinones and alkaloids have been labeled with antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities [2].…”