High Prevalence of Myopia in an Adult Population, Shahroud, Iran

Hashemi, Hassan; Khabazkhoob, Mehdi; Jafarzadehpur, Ebrahim; Yekta, Abbasali; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan; Shariati, Mohammad; Fotouhi, Akbar

doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e31825e6554

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…In another study performed on young adults, significant differences were found between the cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic autorefraction values (7) . Thus, cycloplegic refraction examinations provided more reliable results in all age groups (17,19) . Recent developments in imaging techniques allow the clinician to quantitatively calculate anterior segment parameters, such as keratometry, CCT, ACD, ACV, and ACA (5,20) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Effects of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride on anterior segment parameters obtained with Pentacam in young adults

Arıcı¹,

Türk²,

Ceylan³

et al. 2014

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Purpose: To investigate the effects of topically applied 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride on anterior segment parameters obtained with a Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug camera in healthy young adults. Methods: Anterior segment analyses of 25 eyes from 25 young adults (Group 1), before and after 45 min of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride application, were performed. For a control group (cycloplegia-free, Group 2), 24 eyes of 24 age-and sex-matched healthy cases were evaluated twice at 45 min intervals. The results obtained from the groups were compared statistically. Results: The mean ages of the groups were 23.04 ± 3.42 (range, 18-29) and 22.4 ± 2.05 (range, 18-27) years for Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.259). In Group 1, measurements between the two analyses were significantly different for the values of anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and anterior chamber volume (ACV) (p<0.05), whereas no statistical difference was found for the central corneal thickness (CCT) and keratometry (K1, K2) measurements. In Group 2, none of these parameters were statistically different between the two analyses. Conclusions: Topically applied 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride caused an increase in the ACD and ACV values, and a decrease in the ACA value. However, it had no significant effect on the CCT and keratometry measurements. It is important to consider these effects when using the Pentacam device on young adults with cycloplegia and when applying it for various reasons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Uncorrected refractive errors are among the most common causes of visual impairment in the world (17) . In clinical practice, the most frequently used methods of refractive error examination are retinoscopy and autorefraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride on anterior segment parameters obtained with Pentacam in young adults

Arıcı¹,

Türk²,

Ceylan³

et al. 2014

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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“…Since detailed results with refractive errors have already been published, [34] they are not presented here. Unlike previous studies in Iran, [32,35] myopia (with the prevalence of 38.3%) was more prevalent than hyperopia (with the prevalence of 22.1%) in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth in an adult population of Shahroud, Iran

et al. 2012

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BackgroundOcular biometric parameters can be influenced by race, ethnicity, and genetics; their differences across different populations can probably explain differences in refractive errors in these populations. The aim of this study is to determine the normal range of axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth in the population of Shahroud in the north of Iran.MethodsIn the first phase of Shahroud Eye Cohort Study, the 40–64 year old population were sampled cross-sectionally; 6311 were invited and 5190 (82.2%) participated in the study. Biometric examinations were done using the LENSTAR/BioGraph (WaveLight AG, Erlangen, Germany) after vision tests and before cycloplegic refraction tests. Any type of eye surgery, extensive pterygium, and lack of cooperation were used as exclusion criteria, and analyses were done with data from 4869 eyes.ResultsWe found a mean axial length of 23.14 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.11-23.17), mean anterior chamber depth of 2.62 mm (95% CI, 2.60-2.63), mean lens thickness of 4.28 mm (95% CI, 4.27-4.29), and the mean vitreous chamber depth was 15.72 mm (95% CI, 15.70-15.75).Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests showed that the distribution of axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth significantly differed from normal; axial length and vitreous chamber depth demonstrated a leptokurtic distribution as well.Axial length, anterior chamber depth, and vitreous chamber depth significantly decreased with age, and lens thickness significantly increased with age (p < 0.001). All indices were significantly higher in men.ConclusionsThe distributions of axial length, vitreous chamber depth, and lens thickness are reported for the first time in an Iranian adult population. Compared to other studies, axial length was in the mid range, nonetheless, studying axial length components showed that the Iranian population had smaller anterior chamber depth and lens thickness. Age and gender were significantly associated with all indices assessed in this study.

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“…These studies have confirmed the previous data indicating that prevalence of refractive error varies according to ethnicity and geographic regions. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Recent epidemiological studies also point to an increase in myopia prevalence over the past half-century. Various environmental factors related to socioeconomic status and lifestyle have been reported, and are widely considered to be possibly responsible for these changes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of myopia

Foster

Jiang²

2014

Eye

327

270

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Myopia is one of the most prevalent disorders of the eye. Higher myopia is associated with comorbidities that increase risks of severe and irreversible loss of vision, such as retinal detachment, subretinal neovascularization, dense cataract, and glaucoma. In recent years, reports from population-based prevalence studies carried out in various geographical areas now give a clear picture of the current distribution of refractive error. The scarcity of data from well-designed longitudinal cohort studies is still yet to be addressed. These studies have confirmed the previous data indicating that prevalence of refractive error varies according to ethnicity and geographic regions, and also point to an increase in myopia prevalence over the past half-century. The problem is particularly pronounced in affluent, industrialised areas of East Asia. Environmental risk factors for myopia related to socioeconomic status and lifestyle have been identified. The past decade has seen a greater understanding of the molecular biological mechanisms that determine refractive error, giving further support to the belief that myopia is the result of a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. This review summarizes data on the prevalence, incidence, progression, associations, risk factors, and impact from recent epidemiological studies on myopia.

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High Prevalence of Myopia in an Adult Population, Shahroud, Iran

Cited by 33 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride on anterior segment parameters obtained with Pentacam in young adults

Effects of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride on anterior segment parameters obtained with Pentacam in young adults

The distribution of axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth in an adult population of Shahroud, Iran

Epidemiology of myopia

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