High prevalence of <i>Plasmodium</i> infection in fighting cocks in Thailand determined with a molecular method

Vaisusuk, Kotchaphon; Chatan, Wasupon; Seerintra, Tossapol; Piratae, Supawadee

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2022-0049

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This may be explained by individual species of host expressing susceptibility or resistance to infection, which was related to infection status ( 14 , 31 ). Although the nested-PCR method used to detect Plasmodium infections in this study is considered highly sensitive ( 27 , 35 ), the lower molecular occurrence found in ducks and geese in the neighbouring areas could have resulted from resistance of the hosts. Previous studies suggested that variation in the prevalence of avian haemosporidians in bird communities is mainly determined by host species’ susceptibility to particular parasite lineages ( 8 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The results of DNA analysis showed that 0.9% of Plasmodium infections were identified as P. juxtanucleare , 3.4% as P. gallinaceum and 27.6% as unidentified Plasmodium . In our previous report, P. juxtanucleare was the most common avian malaria-inducing parasite identified in fighting cocks in Maha Sarakham ( 35 ). Nevertheless, this finding showed that an unidentified Plasmodium species was the most common malaria-inducing parasite found in other poultry in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can detect parasites rapidly and with higher specificity and sensitivity. Primers for the cytochrome b gene (cyt b ) are sound choices for PCR detection because this gene has been widely used to identify haemosporidian parasite infections in several host species including chicken, waterfowl and other birds ( 1 , 9 , 33 , 35 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular survey and genetic diversity of Plasmodium sp. infesting domestic poultry in northeastern Thailand

Chatan,

Khemthong,

Akkharaphichet

et al. 2024

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction Haemosporidian parasites are prevalent worldwide and can cause economic losses in poultry production. These parasites are arousing interest in Thailand and are found in many avian species. There is insufficient information on the genetic diversity of these alveolates from the largest families – Plasmodidae, Haemoprotidae and Leucocytozoidae – specifically parasitising ducks, turkeys, and geese. Material and Methods Blood samples from 116 backyard poultry (60 ducks, 36 turkeys and 20 geese) in northeastern Thailand were investigated for Plasmodium spp., Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. infections using microscopic examination and molecular approaches. Results A total of 37/116 birds (31.9%) had confirmed Plasmodium infections. The prevalence was 69.4% (25/36) in turkeys, 18.3% (11/60) in ducks, and 5.0% (1/20) in geese. Of these 37 positives, 86.5% were Plasmodium sp., 10.8% were P. gallinaceum and 2.7% were P. juxtanucleare. Sequence analysis based on the cytochrome b gene identified seven lineages, of which two were new lineages in backyard poultry. Conclusion This is the first report on the prevalence of haemosporidian parasites in backyard poultry in northeastern Thailand. The results provide important data for better understanding the molecular epidemiology of haemosporidian parasites infection in poultry in this region, which will be helpful in controlling these blood parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular survey and genetic diversity of Plasmodium sp. infesting domestic poultry in northeastern Thailand

Chatan,

Khemthong,

Akkharaphichet

et al. 2024

Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…was reported in different species, i.e., ducks and chickens, respectively, and a similar pattern was observed with other haemoparasites. The variation in prevalence of haemoparasites in avian species may be due to differences in the susceptibility of hosts, the presence of potential vectors, the differences in species or strain of the vectors and the possibility of the exposure of hosts to vectors, geographical and climatic conditions which affect the distribution and spread of vectors, and the avian health management programme, including vector prevention and control strategy, in a given country [ 7 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Prevalence, and Distribution of Haemoparasites of Poultry in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review

2023

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This review collated existing data on the occurrence, distribution, and prevalence of haemoparasites of poultry in sub-Saharan Africa. A literature search was conducted on three electronic search databases using search terms and Boolean operators (AND, OR). The results recorded 16 haemoparasites, viz., Leucocytozoon spp., L. marchouxi, L. neavei, L. sabrazesi, L. schoutedeni, Haemoproteus columbae, H. pratasi, Haemoproteus spp., Plasmodium spp., P. gallinaceum, P. circumflexum, P. juxtanucleare, Trypanosoma avium, T. gallinarum, T. numidae, and Hepatozoon spp. from a wide range of poultry species distributed across Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Cameroon, and Zambia. Infections due to Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon species were the most common and documented in eight of the ten reviewed countries. The presence of mixed infections was observed in quails, pigeons, chickens, ducks, turkeys, and guineafowls, but predominantly in chickens. Co-infections by Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. were the most common, which may be attributed to the distribution of these species, coupled with the availability of vectors they are associated with in areas from which they were documented. The information generated in this review is essential for improving existing preventive and control measures of these parasites in sub-Saharan Africa.

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“…Therefore, the clinical symptoms were mild, such as paleness of the comb, wattle, and lethargy. The clinical symptoms of P. juxtanucleare infection can be moderate, mild, or asymptomatic [ 20 , 21 ], and chickens infected with P. juxtanucleare may exhibit lethargy, white diarrhea, and convulsions [ 10 ]. The adaptation of chicken immunity to P. juxtanuclear infection may influence the severity of infection [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and molecular characteristics of Plasmodium juxtanucleare in layer chicken from three districts of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

et al. 2023

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Background and Aim: Blood parasite infections in poultry, such as Plasmodium, are a serious threat to the poultry industry due to their potential to cause economic losses. To date, there has been inadequate research on the morphological and molecular detection of the different Plasmodium species that infect poultry in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the morphological and molecular characteristics of Plasmodium spp. and the several predisposing factors for Plasmodium infection in layer chickens from three districts of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: One hundred and five blood samples from layer chickens were collected from 13 farms located in three districts of Yogyakarta (Sleman, Bantul, and Kulon Progo) between September and November 2022. Blood samples were subjected to microscopic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Sequencing was performed using basic local alignment search tools to identify the nucleotide structure of cytochrome b. Phylogenetic analysis of Plasmodium was performed using the MEGA-X software. Results: Microscopic examination revealed that 17/105 positives (16.19%) were positive for blood parasite infection. Trophozoites, erythrocytic meronts, and microgametocytes of Plasmodium were found in blood samples. Based on the morphological examination, the species found in the samples was close to Plasmodium juxtanucleare. Polymerase chain reaction examination revealed that 21/60 samples were positive for Plasmodium (35%). The Plasmodium species identified from the sequenced samples were proven to be P. juxtanucleare. The P. juxtanucleare from Thailand was closely related to samples (99.64%–100%) with a genetic distance of 0%–1%. In addition, age, population, and cage type were not significantly associated with Plasmodium infection. Conclusion: Based on microscopic and PCR examinations, the Plasmodium species found in the three districts of Yogyakarta was P. juxtanucleare. The genetic distance between samples from the three districts of Yogyakarta was closely related (0%–1%) to P. juxtanucleare from Thailand and Japan. There was no correlation between Plasmodium infection and age, cage type, or population. Keywords: avian malaria, cytochrome b gene, layer chicken, polymerase chain reaction.

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High prevalence of Plasmodium infection in fighting cocks in Thailand determined with a molecular method

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Molecular survey and genetic diversity of Plasmodium sp. infesting domestic poultry in northeastern Thailand

Molecular survey and genetic diversity of Plasmodium sp. infesting domestic poultry in northeastern Thailand

Occurrence, Prevalence, and Distribution of Haemoparasites of Poultry in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review

Morphological and molecular characteristics of Plasmodium juxtanucleare in layer chicken from three districts of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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