“…Additionally, over 250 species of haemosporidians parasites, including Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Fallisia, have been reported in birds [11]. Avian malarial parasites, specifically avian Plasmodium, are capable of developing and completing their life cycles in various bird species and their invertebrate vectors [12,13]. Mosquitoes from the Culicidae family, including genera such as Culex, Coquillettidia, Aedes, Mansonia, Culisetta, Anopheles, and Psorophora, are involved in the transmission of these parasites [14].…”