High prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk factors among medical students at Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda

Nyombi, Kenneth; Kizito, Samuel; Mukunya, David; Nabukalu, Angella; Bukama, Martin; Lunyera, Joseph; Asiimwe, Martha; Kimuli, Ivan; Kalyesubula, Robert

doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1924-7

Cited by 32 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The prevalence of hazardous alcohol drinking that was recorded in this study (26.7%) is lower than the 31.7%, 32.8%, 42.5%, 26%–45% and 51.9%, respectively, reported from university students in Uganda, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Tanzania and Kenya 25–29. Clearly, hazardous alcohol drinking is taking epidemic proportions among younger populations, which will have serious consequences on CVD occurrence, liver cirrhosis and other related health threats 3 8 30…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Prevalence of major cardiovascular disease risk factors among a group of sub-Saharan African young adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Yaoundé, Cameroon

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence estimates of some major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a young adult-aged population living in Yaoundé, Cameroon.DesignA cross-sectional study held from May to July 2017.SettingParticipantsStudents aged 18–35 years, with no known history of CVD, found at the campus during recruitment and who voluntarily agreed to be included in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData were collected on personal and family history as well as lifestyle and nutritional habits; anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were also measured. Prevalence rates were calculated with their respective 95% CI.ResultsOverall, 931 participants (53.8% males) were included, with a median age of 23 years (IQR 21–25). The prevalence estimates for some major CVD risk factors were: 3.1% (95% CI 2.0 to 4.2) for family history of heart attack, 6.3% (95% CI 4.7 to 7.9) for family history of stroke, 26.7% (95% CI 23.9 to 29.5) for hazardous alcohol consumption, 0.9% (95% 0.3 to 1.5) for current tobacco smoking, 27.6% (95% CI 24.7 to 30.5) for secondhand smoking, 88.9% (95% CI 86.9 to 90.9) for physical inactivity, 99.0% (95% CI 98.4 to 99.6) for inadequate fruits and/or vegetables consumption, 39.8% (95% CI 36.7 to 42.9) for self-reported anxiety, 49.2% (95% CI 46.0 to 52.4) for self-reported depression, 22.1% (95% CI 19.4 to 24.8) for overweight, 3.9% (95% CI 2.7 to 5.1) for obesity, 14.4% (95% CI 12.1 to 16.7) for abdominal obesity, 14.5% (95% CI 12.2 to 16.8) for excess body fat mass, 30.0% (95% CI 27.1 to 32.9) for suspected prehypertension and 2.8% (95% CI 1.7 to 3.9) for suspected hypertension.ConclusionThe prevalence of some major CVD risk factors is high among young adults living in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Therefore, specific actions should be undertaken in this population to mitigate the upcoming burden of CVD. Accordingly, younger-aged adult populations should be encouraged and accompanied to practice physical activity, eat healthily, and stop or avoid smoking and/or hazardous alcohol consumption.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Prevalence of major cardiovascular disease risk factors among a group of sub-Saharan African young adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Yaoundé, Cameroon

et al. 2019

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“…Contrary to our findings, studies have observed that there was no association between elevated BMI and hypertension. 25,26 Though significant association was not found in our study with various risk factors. Other studies have shown high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among medical students.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Prevalence of Prehypertension and Hypertension Among Medical Graduates in Manipur and Its Association With Risk Factors

Devi¹,

Devi²,

Keisam³

2018

jemds

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BACKGROUND Hypertension is one of the common diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is usually associated with various modifiable risk factors like stress, high salt intake, high calorie intake, cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle etc. and nonmodifiable risk factors like genetic factor, gender and family history of cardiovascular disease. Early diagnosis and knowledge and identification of predisposing risk factors are important for effective treatment and control of hypertension. The study aims to assess the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among the medical students and find out the association with its risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the undergraduate students studying in Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), Imphal. A pretested and prevalidated proforma was filled by the students after the purpose of the study was explained to them. This was followed by anthropometric measurements and blood pressure. The data was analysed using SPSS software version 22 by applying Chi-square test. RESULTS The study included 110 students, consisting of 64 males and 46 females. In our study, the prevalence of prehypertension was 8.2% and that of hypertension was 4.5%. Among the males 12.5% were found to be pre-hypertensive, while 4.7% were found to be hypertensive. Among the female participants 2.3% were found to be pre-hypertensive, while 4.3% were found to be hypertensive. There was a significant association between BMI and prehypertension and hypertension. Since the calculated sample size was too high and thereby not feasible to include in this limited period of study, we had to limit the sample size for convenience. CONCLUSION The prevalence of prehypertension is more among the students as compared to prevalence of hypertension and more so in males as compared to females. The early intervention can help in reducing the development of hypertension. No significant associati on was found with prevalence and risk factors.

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“…While no one was having hypertension in our study sample, 4% had pre-hypertension, which marks a risk of developing hypertension in future and this could be a result of unhealthy diet and stressful lifestyle as well as familial tendency. When compared to results from other studies done in the region and the world (8,19,20,21,22,23), this prevalence is not high. According to these studies, the prevalence of hypertension among medical students and other undergraduates with ages ranging from 18 to 36 years, varied between 1.3% and 17% while the prevalence of pre-hypertension was much higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Cardio-metabolic risk among undergraduate medical students of a selected Faculty of Medicine in Colombo

Senevirathne

Samaranayake

Ojithmali

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction : Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are emerging in all ages, with cardio-metabolic diseases being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk among medical students of a selected Faculty of Medicine in Colombo.METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students (volunteered from all 5 batches) of the selected faculty. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometry and body composition were assessed. Blood pressure was measured and after a 12-hour-overnight-fast, blood was drawn for fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile and two-hour oral glucose tolerance test.RESULTS: Final sample included 188 students (males=66). Mean (SD) age was 23.1yrs (1.7) and mean BMI 22.0 kg/m 2 (3.4). Prevalence of overweight was 35.1% (95%CI 28.3-41.9), obesity 5.9% (95%CI 2.5-9.3) and central obesity 16.9% (95%CI 11.5-22.3). 25.8% of males and 46.7% of females had abnormally high percentage body fat. Impaired FBG and impaired glucose tolerance were seen in 13.8% and 1.1% respectively. 25.4%, 12.2%, 31.6%, 5.3% had hypercholesterolemia, high LDL, low HDL and hypertriglyceridemia respectively. Consumption of alcohol was seen in 9%, low physical activity in 39.5%, sedentary life in 58%, low consumption of vegetables in 83.4% and low consumption of fruits in 86%. Males had higher rate of overweight/obesity (p=0.02), abnormal W/Height ratio (p=0.04), hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.06) while females had higher abnormal fat mass (p=0.005) and W/Hip ratio (p=0.000).CONCLUSIONS: Medical students (young adults) have high prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk, highlighting the importance of routine screening, proper health education and behaviour modification for these future doctors who should be role models of health.

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High prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk factors among medical students at Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of major cardiovascular disease risk factors among a group of sub-Saharan African young adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Prevalence of major cardiovascular disease risk factors among a group of sub-Saharan African young adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Prevalence of Prehypertension and Hypertension Among Medical Graduates in Manipur and Its Association With Risk Factors

Cardio-metabolic risk among undergraduate medical students of a selected Faculty of Medicine in Colombo

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