High prevalence of human skeletal muscle sarcocystosis in south-east Asia

Wong, Kum-Thong; Pathmanathan, R

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(92)90161-5

Cited by 63 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…8,12 Human muscle sarcocystosis is highly prevalent in Southeast Asia. Muscle tissue examinations in Malaysia were positive in 21% of 100 consecutive routine autopsy samples, 13 and 19.8% of a Malaysian population sample had serologic evidence of sarcocystosis exposure. 14 Although these infections have been considered to be incidental findings, some investigators have suggested that sarcocystosis may be emerging as a significant food-borne zoonosis in Southeast Asia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…19 A growing body of evidence suggests that Sarcocystis muscle infection can be associated with significant disease. [1][2][3]5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The high prevalence of muscle infection in indigenous Malaysian populations suggest that sarcocystosis is a common, seldom recognized infection in Malaysia. 11,15 As described above, other investigators have reported a spectrum of manifestations ranging from asymptomatic or acute, self-limited complaints to moderately severe, chronic illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An outbreak of acute eosinophilic myositis attributed to human Sarcocystis parasitism.

Arness

Brown²,

Dubey³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

106

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Abstract. Seven members of a 15-man U.S. military team that had operated in rural Malaysia developed an acute illness consisting of fever, myalgias, bronchospasm, fleeting pruritic rashes, transient lymphadenopathy, and subcutaneous nodules associated with eosinophilia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and elevated levels of muscle creatinine kinase. Sarcocysts of an unidentified Sarcocystis species were found in skeletal muscle biopsies of the index case. Albendazole ameliorated symptoms in the index case; however, his symptoms persisted for more than 5 years. Symptoms in 5 other men were mild to moderate and self-limited, and 1 team member with laboratory abnormalities was asymptomatic. Of 8 team members tested for antibody to Sarcocystis, 6 were positive; of 4 with the eosinophilic myositis syndrome who were tested, all were positive. We attribute this outbreak of eosinophilic myositis to accidental tissue parasitism by Sarcocystis.Human muscular sarcocystosis (syn. sarcosporidiosis) is a rare infection caused by coccidian parasites in the family Sarcocystidae. More than 100 different species of Sarcocystis occur worldwide in a wide range of domestic and wild animal reservoirs, with reported prevalences varying between 10% and 100% in domestic livestock.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of acute eosinophilic myositis attributed to human Sarcocystis parasitism.

Arness

Brown²,

Dubey³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

106

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“…A histopathologic study of tongue skeletal muscle found 21 of a series of 100 autopsy cases from a local urban population to be positive for sarcocysts. 9 In 1999, an outbreak of eosinophilic myositis attributed to skeletal muscle Sarcocystis spp. infection was reported and involved 7 of 15 U.S. military personnel who had operated in rural Malaysia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcocystis nesbitti Infection in Human Skeletal Muscle: Possible Transmission from Snakes

Lau¹,

Chang²,

Tan³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Sarcocystis nesbitti is an intracellular protozoan parasite found as sarcocysts within muscle fibers of intermediate hosts (monkey and baboon). The definitive host is suspected to be the snake. We report two cases from a larger cohort of 89 patients who had fever, headache, and generalized myalgia after a trip to Pangkor Island, Malaysia. Sarcocysts were detected in skeletal muscle biopsy specimens by light and electron microscopy from these two patients. DNA sequencing based on the 18S ribosomal DNA region identified the Sarcocystis species as S. nesbitti. We also identified S. nesbitti sequences in the stools of a snake (Naja naja). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these sequences form a cluster with most of the other known Sarcocystis species for which the snake is a definitive host. We believe these two patients were likely to have symptomatic acute muscular sarcocystosis after S. nesbitti infection that may have originated from snakes.Sarcocystis species are an intracellular protozoan with a life cycle based on a prey-predator relationship in which various animal species serve as either intermediate or definitive hosts, respectively. Asexual development occurs in the intermediate host after ingestion of sporocysts produced by the definitive host and excreted in the feces. Ingestion of sarcocysts found in the muscles of the intermediate host by the predator definitive host completes the life cycle.1 Humans serve as the definitive hosts for Sarcocystis hominis and S. suihominis after eating improperly cooked, sarcocyst-infected meat from intermediate hosts (cattle and pigs, respectively). Furthermore, humans can also serve as accidental intermediate hosts for some Sarcocystis species of hitherto unknown origin. In these cases, it is assumed that humans became infected through food or drinks contaminated by sporocysts, resulting in skeletal muscle sarcocystosis. Human sarcocystosis is reported to be widely distributed. 361

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“…The outbreak has received attention due to the severity of disease and because the infected individuals were almost exclusively European tourists (5,6). Also supported by the prevalence studies in Malaysia (25,29), this indicates that the indigenous population is at substantial risk of contracting disease. In addition, an outbreak of muscular sarcocystosis was observed in 89 Malayan college students who visited Pangkor Island (38).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Significancementioning

confidence: 97%