High Prevalence of Hepatitis Delta Virus among Persons Who Inject Drugs, Vietnam

Hall, Naomi M.; Thùy, Linh Nguyễn; Diem, Trinh Do Thi; Waters, Allison; Dunford, Linda; Connell, Jeff; Carr, Michael J.; Hall, William W.; Thi, Lan Anh Nguyen

doi:10.3201/eid2103.141147

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The difference in HDV-RNA prevalences between these two studies reflects distinct geographic distributions of the infection. Our findings of a high HDV infection rate in northern Vietnam (13%) corroborate the earlier results 21 , 23 and indicate that HDV infection rates did not decline during the last decade in northern Vietnam, although the immunization coverage against HBV is well established. However, it is early enough to see a potential influence of HBV vaccination on the burden of HDV infection after only 10–12 years of vaccination campaign by which the target population of the vaccination program represents for/by newborns and infants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…HDV infection rates vary considerably between countries in Africa, South America and parts of Asia 4 , 10 , 20 , 21 , 25 , while prevalences are low in northern Europe and North America, where HDV infections occur mostly among intravenous drug users 25 . A distinct geographic distribution of the HDV prevalence has been described for Vietnam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A distinct geographic distribution of the HDV prevalence has been described for Vietnam. One study has shown that HDV infection rates varied in five regions across Vietnam, including Hanoi, Hai Phong, Da Nang, Khanh Hoa and Can Tho 21 . HDV seroprevalences were high in northern Vietnam (30.2% and 29.4% in Hanoi and Hai Phong, respectively), but lower in southern Vietnam (8.1% in Khanh Hoa and 12.5% in Can Tho) and in Central Vietnam (5.3% in Da Nang).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Varying distributions of HDV genotypes in North and South Vietnam have recently been reported 21 – 23 , with the HDV1 genotype being predominant in all parts of Vietnam 21 . In contrast, HDV1 has been shown to prevail in northern Vietnam with 90% 23 , but accounted for only 20% in central Vietnam 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HDV infection rates in northern Vietnam

Binh

Hoàn

Tong

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Hepatitis D caused by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a serious health problem in many regions of the world. A total of 546 HBV-infected patients were enrolled from 2013 to 2015 and classified clinically into the subgroups of chronic hepatitis B (CHB, n = 191), liver cirrhosis (LC, n = 147) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 208). The patients were screened for HDV-RNA by nested PCR assays. HDV genotypes were assessed by direct sequencing, followed by phylogenetic analysis. HDV-RNA was identified in 13% (71/546) of HBV-infected patients. The highest HDV prevalence was found in the LC group (19.7%), followed by the HCC (12%) and CHB (8.9%) groups (P = 0.017). HDV/HBV coinfections were significantly associated with a rather unfavourable clinical outcome, in particular with LC development compared to HBV monoinfection. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the genotype HDV1 was, with a prevalence of 91%, by far the most common genotype in Vietnam, followed by HDV2 with 9%. Other HDV genotypes were not observed. In accordance with previous data obtained a decade ago, our results confirm a continuing high prevalence of HDV infection in hepatitis B patients in northern Vietnam with the HDV1 genotype still being the predominant genotype. HDV nucleic acid testing to minimize the associated risk should be considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HDV infection rates in northern Vietnam

Binh

Hoàn

Tong

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Hepatitis D Virus

Rizzetto¹

2018

Clinical Epidemiology of Chronic Liver Diseases

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The hepatitis D satellite virus of hepatitis B virus: half-opening a new era to control viral infection?

Samarakoon

Cortay

Dény

2016

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Hepatitis D infection remains a severe acute and chronic liver illness with the only currently approved therapy (Peg-αIFN) achieving disappointingly low rates of sustained viral response and clinical improvement. Both sodium taurocolate cotransporting polypeptide and heparan sulphate glypican 5 are important for viral adsorption. Preliminary results of 6 months treatment with a subcutaneous HBV PreS1-derived myristoyled peptide as an entry inhibitor indicates an encouraging short-term response with low side-effects. In addition, the short-term use of oral farnesyl transferase inhibitors induces a log10 reduction of viral RNA in almost all treated patients, but is associated with gastrointestinal upset and weight loss (especially using 200 mg/day). Encouraging results are being reported using intravenous phosphorothioate nucleic acid polymers both in terms of HBV surface antigens (HBsAg) and HDV-RNA decline; interestingly, in some patients with a strong HBsAg decline, the appearance of anti-hepatitis Bs antibodies might suggest clinical end-point improvement.

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High Prevalence of Hepatitis Delta Virus among Persons Who Inject Drugs, Vietnam

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

HDV infection rates in northern Vietnam

HDV infection rates in northern Vietnam

Hepatitis D Virus

The hepatitis D satellite virus of hepatitis B virus: half-opening a new era to control viral infection?

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