High prevalence of arthralgia among infants with Chikungunya disease during the 2019 outbreak in northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

IntroductionIn a low-income setting with simultaneous presence of Dengue virus, Zika virus, and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the same region, the difficulty of establishing a clinical diagnosis when the molecular test is not a possibility. Thus, it is important to identify signs and symptoms of Chikungunya that can be used to differentiate it from other arboviruses in children.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study, which was developed in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with the analysis of pediatric medical records regarding arboviruses. Considering that the population had already been exposed to Dengue and Zika viruses and were experiencing the first notification of the CHIKV. The ethics committee approved this research, and all those legally responsible for the children signed the consent form.ResultsIn total, 159 children were seen of which 98 were suspected CHIKV cases, and 51 had their diagnosis confirmed with reagent IgM/IgG for CHIKV. The symptoms that the pediatric population with CHIKV presented most often were fever (90.2%), arthralgia (76.5%), and exanthema (62.7%) in both suspected and confirmed cases of Chikungunya. Thus, CHIKV in those children presents a clinical profile similar to those found in other studies referring to adults. Additionally, only arthralgia and a high aspartate transaminase were related to the positivity of serology for Chikungunya.ConclusionsThis study describes the signs and symptoms of CHIKV exhibited in the pediatric population with a mild and moderate presentation similar to the findings in the adult during an epidemic experienced in a population vulnerable to CHIKV.

Seroprevalence and biochemical parameters among patients with Chikungunya in Adamaoua region, Cameroon: A cross‐sectional study

“…CHIKV has a strong proclivity to infect tissues, such as the spleen, bones, heart, lungs, and skin [35], leading to organ dysfunction and blood AST elevations. In some studies, the high AST levels were positively correlated with high prevalences of arthralgia in children [11]. This finding is consistent with those of a previous study that recently reported significant liver abnormalities in subjects with arthritic chikungunya compared to those without [36].…”

“…It is characterized by an abrupt onset of fever, frequently accompanied by severe joint pain. During this phase, CHIKV can be detected through anti‐CHIKV IgM antibodies by rapid diagnostic or ELISA tests and by confirmation of the presence of viral RNA by RT‐PCR [11].…”