High-Pressure Sensor With High Sensitivity and High Accuracy for Full Ocean Depth Measurements

Li, Ting; Shang, Haiping; Wang, Bing; Mao, Chaomin; Wang, Weibing

doi:10.1109/jsen.2022.3144467

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Ting Li introduced a piezoresistive pressure sensor with high accuracy and high sensitivity [ 92 ]. The piezoresistive sensor is designed based on piezoresistive phenomenon of silicon that the resistance changed when a pressure is applied on silicon.…”

Section: Depth Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially Available

Xiao

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Over 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans; globally, oceans provides a huge source of wealth to humans. In the literature, several sensors have been developed to investigate oceans. Electrical conductivity temperature depth (CTD) sensors were used frequently and extensively. Long-term accurate CTD data is important for the study and utilization of oceans, e.g., for weather forecasting, ecological evolution, fishery, and shipping. Several kinds of CTD sensors based on electrics, optical, acoustic wave and radio waves have been developed. CTD sensors are often utilized by measuring electrical signals. The latest progress of CTD sensors will be presented in order of performance. The principles, structure, materials and properties of many CTD sensors were discussed in detail. The commercially available CTD sensors were involved and their respective performances were compared. Some possible development directions of CTD sensors for ocean investigation are proposed.

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Section: Depth Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially Available

Xiao

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…The sensor used in the upcoming design is a combination of three parts, MS, LS, and TS. These three structures have been used independently in various paper, for example, MS in Li et al, 58 LS in Yazdi et al, 59 and TS in Xue et al 60 have been used.…”

Section: Designing and Analyzingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of low‐loss aqueous solutions permittivity with high detection accuracy by a contact and free‐label resonance microwave sensor

Navaei

Rezaei

Kiani

2022

Int J Communication

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SummaryIn this paper, a microwave sensor is designed and built to measure the permittivity of aqueous solutions. The samples used in this experiment are different purities of ethanol mixed with water. Ethanol solution with different purities is a widely used material in industry. Structures of meander, ladder, and T‐structure were used to design the sensor. Then the designed sensor is simulated in CST software in range of relative dielectric from 10 to 80. After obtaining the desired answer in the simulation, the proposed sensor is built on the Rogers 4003 substrate, the built‐in sensor measured ethanol solution with a purity of 5% to 35% (equivalent to permittivity of 76 to 58), and is showed a sensitivity of 4% and a Q‐factor of 3500. The results of simulation and measurement are consistent with each other, and they indicated that the proposed sensor beyond the fluids can be supported and determine their relative dielectrics.

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“…Accurate and repeatable in-situ ocean depth sensing is essential for a variety of fields, from tracking endangered marine mammals to wave detection for maritime security [1] to mapping the impact of climate change [2]. Sampling campaigns will often leverage existing sensor platforms such as drifters that measure the ocean surface conditions, moored profilers and profiling floats that sample the water column, unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for ocean/air boundary conditions, and autonomous underwater vehicles or tagged marine mammals for deep ocean measurements [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LIG recipes determined via a DOE. Percentage of 50W CO2 laser (linear) 2. Percentage of 4.2 m/s (165 in/s) maximum laser speed[26].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Considerations for Laser-Induced Graphene Pressure Sensors Used in Marine Applications

Van Volkenburg,

Ayoub,

Alemán Reyes

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Small, low-power, and inexpensive marine depth sensors are of interest for a myriad of applications from maritime security to environmental monitoring. Recently, laser-induced graphene (LIG) piezoresistive pressure sensors have been proposed given their rapid fabrication and large dynamic range. In this work, the practicality of LIG integration into fieldable deep ocean (1 km) depth sensors in bulk is explored. Initially, a design of experiments (DOEs) approach evaluated laser engraver fabrication parameters such as line length, line width, laser speed, and laser power on resultant resistances of LIG traces. Next, uniaxial compression and thermal testing at relevant ocean pressures up to 10.3 MPa and temperatures between 0 and 25 °C evaluated the piezoresistive response of replicate sensors and determined the individual characterization of each, which is necessary. Additionally, bare LIG sensors showed larger resistance changes with temperature (ΔR ≈ 30 kΩ) than pressure (ΔR ≈ 1–15 kΩ), indicating that conformal coatings are required to both thermally insulate and electrically isolate traces from surrounding seawater. Sensors encapsulated with two dip-coated layers of 5 wt% polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone and submerged in water baths from 0 to 25 °C showed significant thermal dampening (ΔR ≈ 0.3 kΩ), indicating a path forward for the continued development of LIG/PDMS composite structures. This work presents both the promises and limitations of LIG piezoresistive depth sensors and recommends further research to validate this platform for global deployment.

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High-Pressure Sensor With High Sensitivity and High Accuracy for Full Ocean Depth Measurements

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially Available

CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially Available

Measurement of low‐loss aqueous solutions permittivity with high detection accuracy by a contact and free‐label resonance microwave sensor

Practical Considerations for Laser-Induced Graphene Pressure Sensors Used in Marine Applications

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