We probed the high-pressure response of the YV 1−x P x O 4 :Eu 3+ (x = 0, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0) solid-solution nanoparticles using angular dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman techniques at room temperature. In situ diffraction results showed that the overall nanoparticles underwent an irreversible zircon-to-scheelite structural transformation. The transition pressures were ∼9.3, ∼12.1, ∼14, and ∼18.4 GPa for the YV 1−x P x O 4 :Eu 3+ (x = 0, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0) samples, respectively. Coupled with the zircon-toscheelite transition features, it was proposed that the transition pressure was probably governed by the stiffness of VO 4 /PO 4 units in the solid solutions. This claim was verified by further Raman measurements, which revealed that the stiffness of VO 4 /PO 4 units was enhanced with increasing P contents. The structural refinements showed that the samples with comparable particle size (20−90 nm) became less compressible with increasing P content (x = 0 → 0.7 → 1.0). However, the compressibility of the YV 0.5 P 0.5 O 4 :Eu 3+ sample with smaller particle size (10−30 nm) was similar to that of the YV 0.3 P 0.7 O 4 :Eu 3+ sample. The general compressibility behavior as a function of P content was ascribed to the special packing style related to the stiffness of VO 4 /PO 4 tetrahedra in zircon structure, and the higher surface energy contribution was responsible for the exceptional compressibility in the smaller nanoparticles.
■ INTRODUCTIONZircon-type ABO 4 ternary oxides are common accessory minerals, and they share many physical properties, as well as displaying variable degrees of solid solutions among end members existing in a wide variety of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. 1 The high-pressure research on zircon-type ABO 4 compounds has drawn considerable interest in the past several decades because it could provide a wide range of geochemical and geophysical investigations, including studies on the evolution of Earth's crust and mantle. 1,2 Apart from the geophysical importance, the rare-earth orthovanadates RVO 4 and orthophosphates RPO 4 currently attract considerable interest by virtue of their wide potential applications and interesting optical/luminescent properties. 3−6 They generally crystallize, depending on the ionic radii of the R cation, in two different structural types: zircon [space group (SG): I4 1 /amd, Z = 4] and monazite [SG: P2 1 /n, Z = 4]. Those with a small R size (r R < r La for RVO 4 and r R < r Gd for RPO 4 ) adopt the zircon structure under ambient conditions, whereas the others have the lower-symmetry monoclinic monazite structure. 7−9 Specifically, depending on the growth conditions, GdPO 4 , TbPO 4 , DyPO 4 , and HoPO 4 can adopt either zircon or monazite structure. 10 The high-pressure behavior of zircon-type RVO 4 and RPO 4 compounds was addressed recently. Upon compression, a direct transition to scheelite structure [SG: I4 1 /a, Z = 4] occurs in almost all the zircon-type RVO 4 compounds except CeVO 4 , which displays the complete zircon-to-monazite...