High-Pressure Nonequilibrium Dynamics on Second-to-Microsecond Time Scales: Application of Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction and Dynamic Compression in Ice

Lin, Chuanlong; Tse, John S.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01623

“…Although thermodynamics provides the driving force to bring the system from one well to another, effective activation energy (Q eff ) is required to overcome an energy barrier (Q) for completing the transition. In other studies, [53] it is found that the Q eff decreases exponentially with the pressurizing rate. The points mentioned here are schematically illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Influence Of Pressurizing Rates On Phase Transitionmentioning

confidence: 68%

In situ study of calcite-III dimorphism using dynamic diamond anvil cell

Zhao¹,

Mei²,

Zheng³

et al. 2022

Chinese Phys. B

3

0

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The phase transitions among the high-pressure polymorphic forms of CaCO3 (cc-I, -II, -III, and -IIIb) were investigated by dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Experiments were carried out at room temperature and high pressures up to 12.8 GPa with the pressurizing rate varied from 0.006 to 0.056 GPa/s. In situ observation shows that with the increase of pressure, calcite transforms from cc-I to cc-II at ~1.5 GPa and from cc-II to cc-III at ~2.5 GPa, and transitions are independent of the pressurizing rate. Further, as the pressure continues to increase, cc-IIIb begins to appear and coexists with cc-III within a pressure range that is inversely correlated to the pressurizing rate. At the pressurizing rates of 0.006, 0.012, 0.021, and 0.056 GPa/s, the coexistence pressure ranges of cc-III and cc-IIIb are 2.8-9.8, 3.1-6.9, 2.7-6.0, and 2.8-4.5 GPa, respectively. The dependence of the coexistence on pressurizing rate may result from the influence of pressurizing rate on activation process of transition by reducing energy barrier. The higher the pressurizing rate, the lower the energy barrier, and the easier it is to pull the system out of the coexistence state. The results of this in situ study provide new insights into understanding the phase transition of calcite.

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“…But as soon as temperature is above 74 K, particularly above the temperature of the liquid nitrogen, the compression rate starts to rise exponentially. It is natural to apply so called Arrhenius equation 24 – 29 …”

Section: Synthesis Of - By Fast Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though it is usually used when P is constant, one can adapt it to describe phase transformation when pressure is changing (see Refs. 27 – 29 ). In the equation above is an activation energy, C is a constant related to the material, is the Boltzman constant and is a phase growth rate at a given temperature 27 – 29 .…”

Section: Synthesis Of - By Fast Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable stability of $$\gamma$$-$$N_2$$ and its prevalence in the nitrogen phase diagram

Yan,

Dalladay-Simpson,

Conway

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

0

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Solid nitrogen exhibits a panoply of phenomena ranging from complex molecular crystalline configurations to polymerization and closing band gap at higher densities. Among the elemental molecular solids, nitrogen stands apart for having phases, which can only be stabilized following particular pressure-temperature pathways, indicative of metastability and kinetic barriers. Here, through the combination of Raman spectroscopy and dynamic compression techniques, we find that the appearance of the whole nitrogen phase diagram is determined by the P-T paths taken below 2 GPa. We reveal the existence of the path- and phase-dependent triple point between the $$\beta$$ β -$$N_2$$ N 2 , $$\delta _{loc}$$ δ loc -$$N_2$$ N 2 and $$\gamma$$ γ - or $$\epsilon$$ ϵ -$$N_2$$ N 2 . We further show that the $$\beta$$ β -$$N_2$$ N 2 towards $$\gamma$$ γ -$$N_2$$ N 2 path below the triple point, that evades $$\delta$$ δ ($$\delta _{loc}$$ δ loc )-$$N_2$$ N 2 , results in the formation of $$\gamma$$ γ -$$N_2$$ N 2 , which in turn becomes a dominant phase. We then demonstrate, that the $$\beta$$ β -$$N_2$$ N 2 through $$\delta$$ δ ($$\delta _{loc}$$ δ loc )-$$N_2$$ N 2 above the triple point path leads to the formation of $$\epsilon$$ ϵ -$$N_2$$ N 2 and the “well-established” phase diagram. An additional pathway, which by-passes the rotationally inhibited modifications $$\delta$$ δ ($$\delta _{loc}$$ δ loc )-$$N_2$$ N 2 , via rapid compression is found to produce $$\gamma$$ γ -$$N_2$$ N 2 at higher temperatures. We argue that the pathway and phase sensitive triple point and the compression rate dependent phase formation challenge our understanding of this archetypal dense molecular solid.

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“…此外, dDAC与高低温装置结合, 扩展了P-T相图的研究范围, 提供了毫秒和微秒时间尺度的高压非平衡过程研究的新能力. 同时, dDAC和时间分辨XRD 结合极大扩展了高压非平衡态的研究手段, 使得诸多新现象得以发现, 如最近Lin等发现冰、硅的相变路径和机制表现出高压加载速率依赖性 [18,19] . HPCAT和Petra III的极端条件束线站等, 纷纷发展了快速检测和快速加载技术 [20,21] .…”

Section: 引言unclassified

Millisecond time-resolved synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and high-pressure rapid compression device and its application

王碧涵¹,

李冰²,

刘旭强³

et al. 2022

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Non-equilibrium phase transition kinetics under high pressure depends on the compression time scale and rate. The studies require time-resolved diagnostics to be compatible with different time scales. Here we report the time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) system which is recently developed at the BL15U1 beamline of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Source (SSRF). There are two rapid loading methods in dDAC, the first one uses membrane and the second one uses piezoelectric ceramic. Both two methods can dynamically compress the pressure of the DAC sample chamber from atmosphere up to 300 GPa within millisecond scale (20 ?m culet is chosen), and the time-resolved XRD datum are obtained correspondingly. A new type of piezoelectric ceramic dDAC is designed with single side or double sides drive, which can realize extreme high pressure above 300 GPa with fast compression rate of 13 TPa/s. During the rapid compression process, the X-ray diffraction spectrum are collected continuously and simultaneously. The XRD detector is Pilatus 3X 900k, which has 2 ms resolution under 500 kHz frame rate. The millisecond time-resolved XRD and high pressure rapid compression system developed on BL15U1 of SSRF enrich the high pressure research tool and enable the ability of the beamline to carry out extreme high pressure experiments, non-equilibrium phase transition and related scientific researches. Non-equilibrium phase transition kinetics under high pressure depends on the compression time scale and rate. The studies require time-resolved diagnostics to be compatible with different time scales. Here we report the time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) system which is recently developed at the BL15U1 beamline of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Source (SSRF). There are two rapid loading methods in dDAC, the first one uses membrane and the second one uses piezoelectric ceramic. Both two methods can dynamically compress the pressure of the DAC sample chamber from atmosphere up to 300 GPa within millisecond scale (20 ?m culet is chosen), and the time-resolved XRD datum are obtained correspondingly. A new type of piezoelectric ceramic dDAC is designed with single side or double sides drive, which can realize extreme high pressure above 300 GPa with fast compression rate of 13 TPa/s. During the rapid compression process, the X-ray diffraction spectrum are collected continuously and simultaneously. The XRD detector is Pilatus 3X 900k, which has 2 ms resolution under 500 kHz frame rate. The millisecond time-resolved XRD and high pressure rapid compression system developed on BL15U1 of SSRF enrich the high pressure research tool and enable the ability of the beamline to carry out extreme high pressure experiments, non-equilibrium phase transition and related scientific researches.

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High-Pressure Nonequilibrium Dynamics on Second-to-Microsecond Time Scales: Application of Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction and Dynamic Compression in Ice

Cited by 6 publications

References 98 publications

In situ study of calcite-III dimorphism using dynamic diamond anvil cell

In situ study of calcite-III dimorphism using dynamic diamond anvil cell

Remarkable stability of $$\gamma$$-$$N_2$$ and its prevalence in the nitrogen phase diagram

Millisecond time-resolved synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and high-pressure rapid compression device and its application

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