High Precision 3D Printing for Micro to Nano Scale Biomedical and Electronic Devices

Abstract

Three dimensional printing (3DP), or additive manufacturing, is an exponentially growing process in the fabrication of various technologies with applications in sectors such as electronics, biomedical, pharmaceutical and tissue engineering. Micro and nano scale printing is encouraging the innovation of the aforementioned sectors, due to the ability to control design, material and chemical properties at a highly precise level, which is advantageous in creating a high surface area to volume ratio and altering the overall products’ mechanical and physical properties. In this review, micro/-nano printing technology,mainly related to lithography, inkjet and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing and their biomedical and electronic applications will be discussed. The current limitations to micro/-nano printing methods will be examined, covering the difficulty in achieving controlled structures at the miniscule micro and nano scale required for specific applications.

Wearable strain sensors: state-of-the-art and future applications

“…131 A flexible and lightweight stress-strain sensor matrix can be placed on the face or different joints to analyze the expression and posture of the human body. [132][133][134] It is safe to wear without any harmful effects, and the cost-effective mass production of such devices is also possible. Su et al laced multiple flexible stress sensors 135 on the forehead, eyebrows, nose, chin, and corners of the mouth for the multi-recognition of body expressions.…”

In Vivo Penetrating Microelectrodes for Brain Electrophysiology

“…Nanoscale 3D printing provides inexpensive and rapid custom design prototyping without the constraints of traditional manufacturing [ 286 ]. More details about 3D printing for biomedical and electronic devices can be found in the reviews by L. Line et al [ 290 ], by K. Muldoon et al [ 291 ] and Y. Liu et al [ 292 ].…”

Application of 3D Bioprinting Technology for Tissue Regeneration, Drug Evaluation, and Drug Delivery

“…1(c)] [12]. SLA bioprinting technology can be used to fabricate 3D patterned scaffolds with micro-and nanosizes, but it requires high-cost equipment and materials [17,18]. Fourth, laser-assisted bioprinting involves a system comprising an energy absorbing layer, donor ribbon, and bioink layer [Fig.…”