High Power Performance of Manganese‐Doped <scp>BNT</scp>‐Based Pb‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

Hejazi, Mehdi; Taghaddos, Elaheh; Gurdal, Erkan A.; Uchino, Kenji; Safari, A.

doi:10.1111/jace.13098

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Besides ferroelectric single crystals, various ceramics, including PZN-PZT [234], 0.8Pb(Sn 0.46 Ti 0.54 )O 3 -0.2Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 [235], (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 -based [236], and PMN-PT [237], are also acceptor doped to achieve low loss behavior. In all acceptor doped ferroelectrics discussed above, it has been well accepted that the dipolar defects are the acceptor ion-oxygen vacancy dipoles.…”

Section: Extrinsic Loss Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Losses in ferroelectric materials

Liu

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2015

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

256

112

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Ferroelectric materials are the best dielectric and piezoelectric materials known today. Since the discovery of barium titanate in the 1940s, lead zirconate titanate ceramics in the 1950s and relaxor-PT single crystals (such as lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate and lead zinc niobate-lead titanate) in the 1980s and 1990s, perovskite ferroelectric materials have been the dominating piezoelectric materials for electromechanical devices, and are widely used in sensors, actuators and ultrasonic transducers. Energy losses (or energy dissipation) in ferroelectrics are one of the most critical issues for high power devices, such as therapeutic ultrasonic transducers, large displacement actuators, SONAR projectors, and high frequency medical imaging transducers. The losses of ferroelectric materials have three distinct types, i.e., elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric losses. People have been investigating the mechanisms of these losses and are trying hard to control and minimize them so as to reduce performance degradation in electromechanical devices. There are impressive progresses made in the past several decades on this topic, but some confusions still exist. Therefore, a systematic review to define related concepts and clear up confusions is urgently in need. With this objective in mind, we provide here a comprehensive review on the energy losses in ferroelectrics, including related mechanisms, characterization techniques and collections of published data on many ferroelectric materials to provide a useful resource for interested scientists and engineers to design electromechanical devices and to gain a global perspective on the complex physical phenomena involved. More importantly, based on the analysis of available information, we proposed a general theoretical model to describe the inherent relationships among elastic, dielectric, piezoelectric and mechanical losses. For multi-domain ferroelectric single crystals and ceramics, intrinsic and extrinsic energy loss mechanisms are discussed in terms of compositions, crystal structures, temperature, domain configurations, domain sizes and grain boundaries. The intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the total energy dissipation are quantified. In domain engineered ferroelectric single crystals and ceramics, polarization rotations, domain wall motions and mechanical wave scatterings at grain boundaries are believed to control the mechanical quality factors of piezoelectric resonators. We show that a thorough understanding on the kinetic processes is critical in analyzing energy loss behavior and other time-dependent properties in ferroelectric materials. At the end of the review, existing challenges in the study and control of losses in ferroelectric materials are analyzed, and future perspective in resolving these issues is discussed.

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Section: Extrinsic Loss Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Losses in ferroelectric materials

Liu

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2015

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

256

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…LE and CE modes are the resonances with the smallest frequency observable in the spectrum and therefore easily identifiable. The mechanical quality factors satisfy the same relationship Q a > Q r for all studied materials (soft PZT, type NCE51, NCE55 and BCZT ceramics), which does not hold generally as it was found for k 31 mode [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Derivation of losses from impedance spectrum for contour modes of ceramic resonator

Erhart

Bijalwan

Solař³

et al. 2020

Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies

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Method of loss coefficients calculation from mechanical quality factors of transversal vibration modes is presented. Theoretical formulae are derived for the contour mode of thin square plate and width extensional mode of a thin rectangular plate. Mechanical quality factors are expressed as a function of loss coefficients for ceramic with known Poisson's ratio. Measured impedance spectra are compared with calculations and used for the characterization of losses on lead-free BCZT and lead-based PZT piezoelectric ceramics. Full set of loss coefficients active for planar vibration modes is characterized on a single sample. Mechanical quality factor at resonance is the same for the contour extensional mode of a thin square plate and for the width extensional mode of a thin rectangular plate. Loss coefficients reach the biggest values for the piezoelectric losses, followed by the dielectric and elastic losses. Our results show that the BCZT ceramics have losses of the same magnitude as soft PZT ceramic.

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“…At that time, the increase or decrease in the amount of oxygen vacancies was indirectly estimated from the coercive electric field E c . 53) In this study, we added Mg 2+ ions to BNT as acceptors and then specifically determined the concentration of oxygen vacancies as the 18 O tracer diffusion by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and electrical measurement. Nb 5+ ions were also added to BNT as donors and the concentration of oxygen vacancies in these samples was compared with that in samples with acceptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quenching effects on depolarization temperature and 18O tracer diffusion in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics with acceptor and donor additives

Takagi

Eguchi

Nagata

et al. 2021

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Lead-free ferroelectric and piezoelectric ceramics, (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 (BNT), with Mg and Nb additives were prepared and the concentration of oxygen vacancies as the 18 O tracer diffusion of these ceramics were clarified by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Moreover, the samples were quenched after sintering to examine the depolarization temperature T d , and then their electrical properties were investigated. As a result, the obtained values of volume diffusion coefficient D of BNT doped with 0.4 wt % Mg and 0.4 wt % Nb were determined to be 9.2 © 10 ¹11 and 1.1 © 10 ¹13 cm 2 /s, respectively. The oxygen vacancy concentration increased with the amount of Mg added and decreased with that of Nb added. Moreover, quenching increased T d by ³50°C in BNT with the Mg additive (Mg x) and ¦T d also increased. Thus, the effect of quenching was promoted by Mg x. On the other hand, the T d of BNT with the Nb additive (Nb y) also increased despite the low concentration of oxygen vacancies. This is because the D of pure BNT (no additives) was revealed found to be 2.5 © 10 ¹11 cm 2 /s, that is, pure BNT originally contained a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. The concentration was maintained even after quenching, then D showed 1.8 © 10 ¹11 cm 2 /s. In addition, the electromechanical coupling factor k 33 of the quenched ceramics remained similar to that of the ordinarily fired samples of BNT with the Mg and Nb additives.

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High Power Performance of Manganese‐Doped BNT‐Based Pb‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

Losses in ferroelectric materials

Losses in ferroelectric materials

Derivation of losses from impedance spectrum for contour modes of ceramic resonator

Quenching effects on depolarization temperature and <sup>18</sup>O tracer diffusion in (Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics with acceptor and donor additives

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