High plasticity in inorganic carbon uptake by Southern Ocean phytoplankton in response to ambient CO2

Neven, Ika A.; Stefels, Jacqueline; Heuven, Steven M. A. C. van; Baar, H. J. W. de; Elzenga, J. Theo M.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.03.006

Cited by 21 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…2), while Tortell et al (2008aTortell et al ( , 2010 determined HCO { 3 as the main C i source in most phytoplankton assemblages from the Ross Sea. Even though the preferred C i source seems to differ among Antarctic phytoplankton, a clear relationship between the species composition and a preferred C i source could not yet be established (Tortell et al 2008a(Tortell et al , 2010Neven et al 2011). Reasons for this might be due to the assay pH, at which the C i source is determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to increasing P CO 2 , eCA activities of Phaeocystis globosa remained unaffected, whereas those of temperate diatoms were usually strongly down-regulated (Burkhardt et al 2001;Rost et al 2003;Trimborn et al 2009). In natural phytoplankton assemblages, only few studies reported a down-regulation of eCA activities with increasing P CO 2 (Berman-Frank et al 1994;Tortell et al 2006), while in Antarctic phytoplankton eCA activities appear to be constitutively expressed (Tortell et al 2008a(Tortell et al , 2010Neven et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reasons for this might be due to the assay pH, at which the C i source is determined. For instance, the 14 C disequilibrium technique is often applied in field studies using an assay pH of 8.5, which in most cases differs from the in situ pH values (Tortell et al 2010;Neven et al 2011). One may hypothesize that the C i uptake behavior strongly depends on the assay pH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome potential carbon limitation under present-day CO 2 concentrations, marine phytoplankton operate carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) that enrich CO 2 at the catalytic site of RubisCO and thus enhance their photosynthetic productivity (Giordano et al 2005). Antarctic natural phytoplankton communities were found to operate constitutive CCMs over a range of various CO 2 concentrations (Cassar et al 2004;Tortell et al 2010;Neven et al 2011). In monocultures of the sea-ice diatom Nitzschia, Mitchell and Beardall (1996) revealed CCM activity, but its efficiency and regulation with respect to changes in P CO 2 remains unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Antarctic phytoplankton species to ocean acidification: Growth, carbon acquisition, and species interaction

Trimborn

Brenneis

Sweet

et al. 2013

Limnology & Oceanography

105

121

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Despite the fact that ocean acidification is considered to be especially pronounced in the Southern Ocean, little is known about CO 2 -dependent physiological processes and the interactions of Antarctic phytoplankton key species. We therefore studied the effects of CO 2 partial pressure (P CO 2 ) (16.2, 39.5, and 101.3 Pa) on growth and photosynthetic carbon acquisition in the bloom-forming species Chaetoceros debilis, Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, and Phaeocystis antarctica. Using membrane-inlet mass spectrometry, photosynthetic O 2 evolution and inorganic carbon (C i ) fluxes were determined as a function of CO 2 concentration. Only the growth of C. debilis was enhanced under high P CO 2 . Analysis of the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) revealed the operation of very efficient CCMs (i.e., high C i affinities) in all species, but there were species-specific differences in CO 2 -dependent regulation of individual CCM components (i.e., CO 2 and HCO { 3 uptake kinetics, carbonic anhydrase activities). Gross CO 2 uptake rates appear to increase with the cell surface area to volume ratios. Species competition experiments with C. debilis and P. subcurvata under different P CO 2 levels confirmed the CO 2 -stimulated growth of C. debilis observed in monospecific incubations, also in the presence of P. subcurvata. Independent of P CO 2 , high initial cell abundances of P. subcurvata led to reduced growth rates of C. debilis. For a better understanding of future changes in phytoplankton communities, CO 2 -sensitive physiological processes need to be identified, but also species interactions must be taken into account because their interplay determines the success of a species.The Southern Ocean (SO) is a high-nutrient lowchlorophyll region. Compared with most other regions of the World oceans, the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate are high. The reason for this phenomenon is that the biological production is limited by the trace metal iron, which is essential for photosynthesis (Martin et al. 1990). Most of the primary production in the SO is achieved by sporadic bloom events, which mainly occur along the continental margins and only extend offshore when iron and other nutrient concentrations are high due to upwelling. These blooms are usually dominated by medium-sized diatoms and the flagellate Phaeocystis antarctica (Smetacek et al. 2004). Light is also a major factor controlling phytoplankton growth and productivity in the SO due to the occurrence of strong and frequent winds, causing pronounced deep mixing and therefore low mean and highly varying light levels (Tilzer et al. 1985). Deeply mixed layers were associated with a predominant occurrence of P. antarctica, while diatoms such Fragilariopsis cylindrus seem to favor shallow mixed layers (Kropuenske et al. 2010).Varying CO 2 concentrations were found to also influence SO phytoplankton assemblages and growth (Tortell et al. 2008b;Feng et al. 2010). During winter time, the presence of sea ice prevents gas exchange betw...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Antarctic phytoplankton species to ocean acidification: Growth, carbon acquisition, and species interaction

Trimborn

Brenneis

Sweet

et al. 2013

Limnology & Oceanography

105

121

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“…decreased uptake rates of CO 2 and HCO 3 − as well as lowered external CA activities (see Reinfelder, 2011). Natural phytoplankton communities of the SO (Weddell Sea, Drake Passage, Western Antarctic Peninsula, Amundsen and Ross Sea) were found to actively take up CO 2 and HCO 3 − (Cassar et al, 2004;Tortell et al, 2008aTortell et al, , 2008bTortell et al, , 2010Neven et al, 2011;Tortell et al, 2013;Kranz et al, 2015;Trimborn et al, 2015), thus indicating the presence of a CCM. Also, laboratory studies have demonstrated the operation of CCMs in various SO diatoms (Chaetoceros debilis, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, F. cylindrus, Nitzschia frigida, Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata) and a prymnesiophyte (Phaeocystis antarctica), although important differences between species were seen in the ratios of HCO 3 − and CO 2 uptake and external CA activity (Mitchell and Beardall, 1996;Trimborn et al, 2013;Kranz et al, 2015;Young et al, 2015).…”

Section: Ocean Acidification -Ph and Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

104

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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