High-performance size exclusion chromatography with a multi-wavelength absorbance detector study on dissolved organic matter characterisation along a water distribution system

Huang, Huiping; Sawade, Emma; Cook, David; Chow, Christopher W.K.; Drikas, Mary; Jin, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2015.12.011

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It has been reported that normally phosphorus is the limiting nutrient in AOC assays, not NOM ( Miettinen et al., 1996 ). Nevertheless, the NOM dilution method of the current study did not alter the general size distribution of the NOM molecules, thus the observations were not attributable to changes in the molecular size range, as Huang et al. (2016) had noticed.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Furthermore, in Canada, no correlation between NOM and nitrite concentrations was found in two DWDSs ( Scott et al., 2015 ). Huang et al. (2016) noticed that the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the molecular size range of 200–500 g mol -1 correlated positively with oxidized nitrogen and with active bacterial cells in a DWDS disinfected with monochloramine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreased natural organic matter in water distribution decreases nitrite formation in non-disinfected conditions, via enhanced nitrite oxidation

et al. 2020

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Nitrite in drinking water is a potentially harmful substance for humans, and controlling nitrite formation in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) is highly important. The effect of natural organic matter (NOM) on the formation of nitrite in simulated distribution systems was studied. The objective was to inspect how a reduced NOM concentration affected nitrite development via nitrification, separated from the effects of disinfection. We observed that nitrite formation was noticeably sensitive to the changes in the NOM concentrations. Nitrite declined with reduced NOM (TOC 1.0 mg L -1 ) but increased with the normal NOM concentration of tap water (TOC 1.6 mg L -1 ). Ammonium oxidation was not altered by the reduced NOM, however, nitrite oxidation was enhanced significantly according to the pseudo-first order reaction rate model interpretation. The enhanced nitrite oxidation was observed with both ammonium and nitrite as the initial nitrogen source. The theoretical maximum nitrite concentrations were higher with the normal concentration of NOM than with reduced NOM. The results suggest that the role of nitrite oxidation may be quite important in nitrite formation in DWDSs and worth further studies. As a practical result, our study supported enhanced NOM removal in non-disinfected DWDSs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased natural organic matter in water distribution decreases nitrite formation in non-disinfected conditions, via enhanced nitrite oxidation

et al. 2020

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“…In support of this hypothesis, highly similar optical properties are seen across the entire molecular-size gradient of DOM. ,− Apparent molecular size distributions of DOM are typically analyzed by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) to study changes in the size distribution of DOM as a function of biogeochemical and physical factors. − Molecular size distributions depend on the instrument used for its measurement: Mass spectrometry most often shows an average molecular weight around 400 Da, while HPSEC or ultrafiltration show higher averages. ,, However, many studies utilizing HPSEC are based on measurements of discrete sample fractionations, and hence have relatively low sample (i.e., chromatographic) resolution. Recent studies used online detectors to provide high resolution data (i.e., <1 Hz); ,, however in fluorescence studies, a limited number of excitation wavelengths were monitored simultaneously by these detectors, and a systematic, comprehensive data analysis approach has yet to be established. Moreover, the determination of molecular size distributions of emission excitation matrix (EEM) fluorescence in a continuous fashion (<1 Hz) at full spectral resolution remains unachieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The One-Sample PARAFAC Approach Reveals Molecular Size Distributions of Fluorescent Components in Dissolved Organic Matter

Wünsch

Murphy

Stedmon

2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

130

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Molecular size plays an important role in dissolved organic matter (DOM) biogeochemistry, but its relationship with the fluorescent fraction of DOM (FDOM) remains poorly resolved. Here high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was coupled to fluorescence emission-excitation (EEM) spectroscopy in full spectral (60 emission and 34 excitation wavelengths) and chromatographic resolution (<1 Hz), to enable the mathematical decomposition of fluorescence on an individual sample basis by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The approach allowed cross-system comparisons of molecular size distributions for individual fluorescence components obtained from independent data sets. Spectra extracted from allochthonous DOM were highly similar. Allochthonous and autochthonous DOM shared some spectra, but included unique components. In agreement with the supramolecular assembly hypothesis, molecular size distributions of the fluorescence fractions were broad and chromatographically unresolved, possibly representing reoccurring fluorophores forming noncovalently bound assemblies of varying molecular size. Samples shared underlying fluorescence components that differed in their size distributions but not their spectral properties. Thus, in contrast to absorption measurements, bulk fluorescence is unlikely to reliably indicate the average molecular size of DOM. The one-sample approach enables robust and independent cross-site comparisons without large-scale sampling efforts and introduces new analytical opportunities for elucidating the origins and biogeochemical properties of FDOM.

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“…Generally speaking, distribution system-related chlorine or chloramine decay rates may be divided into that associated with pipe-wall reactions and decay associated with bulk water chemistry (Ozdemir and Buyruk, 2018). Decay related to pipe material is considered to be higher than that attributed to water due to reactions with metallic species (Vikesland and Valentine, 2000;Bal Krishna et al, 2018), aluminosilicates in cement-lined ductile iron pipe (Westbrook and DiGiano, 2009), organics leached from polymer pipe (Kiéné et al, 1998), as well as biofilm or natural organic matter (NOM) that may be attached to the pipe wall (Wang et al, 2013;Xue et al, 2014;Huang et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2016). Pipe wall reactions consist mainly of complex redox reactions with biomass and metals, especially iron, commonly with biomass formation and scaling both increasing with pipe age.…”

Section: Factors Impacting Chloramine Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NOM and biomass on pipe walls may also contribute to nitrification, again consuming chloramine (Huang et al, 2016;Cunliffe, 1991).…”

Section: Factors Impacting Chloramine Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of chloramine decay in drinking water distribution systems

Curling

McKie

Meteer

et al. 2022

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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Development of a means to identify and predict factors associated with chloramine decay in drinking water distribution systems could assist in providing targeted operational strategies which ensure regulatory compliance and ultimately lead to major cost-savings. In this study, novel benchscale pipe section reactors (PSRs) were utilized to evaluate the impact of source water (surface or groundwater), pipe material, pipe age, and flow velocity on chloramine decay in a distribution system in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. Batch tests in amber glass bottles quantified decay in treated water which were compared to low-and high-flow PSR experiments to elucidate the impact of water velocity and pipe material on monochloramine decay. Of the factors examined, pipe material and condition (e.g., old or new) were identified as the most critical. Overall, the results of this study reinforce the importance of determining the source of residual disinfectant decay when considering chloramination. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Chair in Drinking Water Research at the University of Toronto as well as the Regional Municipality of York, Ontario. York Region was consulted in designing, planning, and coordinating this study and has authorized the publication of this work. Thank you kindly to my supervisor, Dr. Robert Andrews, as well as to Dr. Susan Andrews and Dr. Michael McKie; your counsel guided me throughout my degree, and I am incredibly grateful for your leadership.

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High-performance size exclusion chromatography with a multi-wavelength absorbance detector study on dissolved organic matter characterisation along a water distribution system

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Decreased natural organic matter in water distribution decreases nitrite formation in non-disinfected conditions, via enhanced nitrite oxidation

Decreased natural organic matter in water distribution decreases nitrite formation in non-disinfected conditions, via enhanced nitrite oxidation

The One-Sample PARAFAC Approach Reveals Molecular Size Distributions of Fluorescent Components in Dissolved Organic Matter

Estimation of chloramine decay in drinking water distribution systems

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