High Performance Nanofiltration Membrane Using Self-Doping Sulfonated Polyaniline

Novel polyaniline–polyethersulfone nanofiltration membranes: effect of in situ polymerization time on structure and desalination performance

“…32 The existence of strong electrostatic repulsive force between the negatively charged membranes and divalent anions led to a relatively high rejection of hydrated divalent anions. 73 Therefore, smaller pore size increases the rejection of salts through both size exclusion and electrostatic repulsion mechanisms. 32,58 An overall 18% increase in salt rejection was achieved that is a cumulative effect of size exclusion or Donnan effect due to porosity and pore size reduction and charge exclusion imparted by permanent membrane negative charge.…”