High-Performance Na-Ion Conducting Polymer Gel Membrane for Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract

The scarcity of Li along with its uneven distribution in earth has become a great challenge in the field of electrochemical energy storage. Replacing Li with Na may address the above issues, as Na and Li are very similar in electrochemical characteristics, and Na is abundant in nature with low cost. Herein, the Na-ion conducting gel polymer membranes comprising a 2-HEC/EMITf/NaTf system are synthesized by employing the solution-casting method. The effects of NaTf salt and EMITf ionic liquid on the electrical and electrochemical properties of membranes are investigated. It is demonstrated that the salt is dissolved in the polymer matrix, thereby raising its ionic conductivity (IC), which is further raised by ionic liquid incorporation. The optimized membrane (2-HEC:EMITf:NaTf = 1:0.6:0.15 in mass, named as GPE/Na-3) exhibits a high room-temperature IC of 1.11× 10–3 S cm–1 along with a wide electrochemical stability window of 4.8 V. The membrane also displays sound tensile strength and breaking strain (4.5 MPa and 94.4%, respectively). As the electrolyte, the optimized membrane is combined with graphene electrodes to fabricate a supercapacitor. The supercapacitor presents a high capacitive behavior with an appealing cyclic stability. As evident from the above performance, it is believed that the Na-ion conducting gel polymer membrane possesses potential applications in future Na-ion energy storage devices.

Investigations on anomalous behavior of ionic conductivity in NaPF6 salt loaded hydroxyethyl cellulose biodegradable polymer electrolyte for energy storage applications

“…Pure polymer shows a broad peak around 2θ = 20.8 , which describes its semicrystalline nature due to the hydrogen bonds within the polymer chains. 18,19 The change in the intensity and breadth of this XRD broad peak confirms the change in the crystallinity. It is evi- In order to understand the variation in the crystallinity, XRD spectra deconvolution has been performed using the Gaussian fitting function using Fityk open-source software to reveal amorphous and crystalline peaks.…”

“…Pure polymer shows a broad peak around 2𝜃 = 20.8°, which describes its semicrystalline nature due to the hydrogen bonds within the polymer chains 18,19 . The change in the intensity and breadth of this XRD broad peak confirms the change in the crystallinity.…”

“…EDLC display specific capacitance of ~100 F g −1 and stability of 4000 charge–discharge cycles 16 . A considerable amount of literature has been published on HEC as a host polymer that can be used in various applications, as evidenced by these cited References 3, 4, 10, 17–19. According to the authors, no scientific papers utilize a NaPF 6 ‐incorporated HEC polymer electrolyte to develop flexible and self‐supporting SBE films.…”

Ameliorating Ionic Conductivity and Dielectric Behavior of Synergistically Coupled All Solid State PAN-Na2Mg2TeO6-NaPF6 Nanohybrid Membrane Electrolyte

“…In general, electrolyte is the most important aspect of energy storage technology because it functions as a bridge between the electrodes, allowing ions to pass between them and improving the overall performance such as electrochemical potential window, long-term cycling, C-rates, etc. Hence, an effectively designed electrolyte is required for the battery applications in order to achieve a high-performance energy device. , …”

A Simple Route to Fabricate Ultralong and Uniform Polypyrrole Nanowires with High Electrochemical Capacitance for Supercapacitor Electrodes

“…Along with the increasing global demands for clean and safe renewable energy resources, there is an increasing demand to develop sustainable and environmentally friendly energy storage devices. − Supercapacitors (double capacitors and pseudocapacitors), as a type of energy storage device, have attracted extensive attention from scientists because of the unique features of high power density, long cycle life, fast charge–discharge characteristics, and environmental friendliness. − The conductive polymer is a type of ideal electrochemically active material for electrodes due to its excellent biocompatibility, favorable electrical properties, environmental stability, and reliable electrochemical stability. − Polypyrrole (PPy), one of the most typical conducting polymers, which is easy to synthesize, , has excellent conductivity (in the doped state), good environmental stability, good biocompatibility, relatively low cost, , and good redox reversibility. ,, However, the poor specific capacity of PPy particles limited their deeper development in high-performance supercapacitors. It was reported that the nanostructure and morphology of electrode materials have an important impact on their electrochemical energy storage properties .…”