High performance manganese-based layered oxide cathodes: overcoming the challenges of sodium ion batteries

Ortiz‐Vitoriano, Nagore; Drewett, Nicholas E.; Gonzalo, Elena; Rojo, Teófilo

doi:10.1039/c7ee00566k

Cited by 438 publications

(322 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] However, because of the slightly higher standard electrode potential of sodium (−2.7 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)) than lithium (−3.02 V vs SHE), high-capacity electrode materials are needed for SIBs to compensate for their lower operation voltage and to achieve energy densities comparable to those of LIBs. [7][8][9] Layered sodium transition metal oxides of the form Na x MO 2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, etc.) [6] These factors encourage us to explore potential highenergy-density cathode materials for SIBs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Controlled Oxygen Redox for Excellent Power Capability in Layered Sodium‐Based Compounds

Kim

Konarov

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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resources. [1][2][3][4][5] However, because of the slightly higher standard electrode potential of sodium (−2.7 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)) than lithium (−3.02 V vs SHE), high-capacity electrode materials are needed for SIBs to compensate for their lower operation voltage and to achieve energy densities comparable to those of LIBs. It can be assumed that the cost of SIBs can be lowered relative to that of LIBs because of the cost-effectiveness of sodium resources. [6] These factors encourage us to explore potential highenergy-density cathode materials for SIBs.Among the various crystal structures of Na-containing compounds, layered structures have been intensively investigated because of their high capacity delivered under moderate operation conditions. The related layered structures are classified as O3, P2, P3, etc., according to the stacking sequence of the transition metals and alkali ions. [7][8][9] Layered sodium transition metal oxides of the form Na x MO 2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, etc.) are stable in the P2 structure for Na contents (x) in the range of 0.3-0.7. This structure enables sodium ion diffusion between the two face-sharing trigonal prismatic sites such that P2-type layered materials generally exhibit higher discharge capacities than other layered materials. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Na 0.67 MnO 2 is one of the most common compounds among P2-type materials. [19][20][21][22][23] It delivers a high discharge capacity of over 175 mAh g −1 but exhibits severe capacity fade during cycling. One of the main reasons for this capacity fade is the structural disintegration caused by the Jahn-Teller effect of Mn 3+ ions in the MnO 6 octahedra, with elongation of the Mn 3+ -O distance along one direction. This Jahn-Teller effect can be mitigated by increasing the overall Mn oxidation state by substituting Mn with other elements, such as Ni, Co, Fe, Mg, and Al. [24][25][26][27][28][29] For example, improved cyclability was achieved in Mg-substituted Na 0.67 Mn 1−x Mg x O 2 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) by suppressing the electrochemical activity of the Jahn-Teller Mn 3+ ions; however, this improvement was attained at the expense of the specific capacity. [26] Recently, Yabuuchi et al. [27] introduced a high-capacity P2-type Na 2/3 [Mg 0.28 Mn 0.72 ]O 2 material that exhibited capacities of over 150 mAh g −1 on charge and 220 mAh g −1 on discharge by raising the upper voltage cut-off to 4.6 V. Note that the average oxidation state of Mn in the compound is ≈3.85+, meaning that it cannot exhibit such a high charge capacity. The A high-rate of oxygen redox assisted by cobalt in layered sodium-based compounds is achieved. The rationally designed Na 0.6 [Mg 0.2 Mn 0.6 Co 0.2 ]O 2 exhibits outstanding electrode performance, delivering a discharge capacity of 214 mAh g −1 (26 mA g −1 ) with capacity retention of 87% after 100 cycles. High rate performance is also achieved at 7C (1.82 A g −1 ) with a capacity of 107 mAh g −1 . Surprisingly, the Na 0.6 [Mg 0.2 Mn 0.6 Co 0.2 ]O 2 compound is able to deliver...

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confidence: 99%

Controlled Oxygen Redox for Excellent Power Capability in Layered Sodium‐Based Compounds

Kim

Konarov

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20] Among these candidates, Na x TMO 2 layered oxides (0 < x ≤ 1; TM = Fe, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, V, Cu, and mixtures of them) are one of the most promising family of cathode materials for SIBs on account of their high capacities, appropriate operating potentials, as well as the simple and scalable synthesis. [21,22] Interestingly, 3d transition metal (TM) elements from Ti to Cu are all highly active in layered structures when used as a sodium insertion host, while their Li counterparts may not exist or not be electrochemically active. These phenomena suggest that Na-intercalation electrochemistry is quite different from that of Li, bringing numerous opportunities to discover advanced materials and new Na storage mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Phase Transition, Air Stability, and Performance

Wang

You

Yin

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

616

464

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sources into large-scale grids, inexpensive, efficient, and fast-responding electrical energy storage (EES) systems are essential to store the off-peak energy and releasing the stored energy during the onpeak period. Among various EES systems, rechargeable batteries represent one of the most competitive technologies because of their high conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness. [1][2][3][4] For stationary EES systems, batteries with low cost, high safety, high rate capability, and long cycle stability are highly desired.Lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) have achieved great success in the market of portable electronics and electric vehicles since their commercialization by Sony Company in 1991. However, the shortage of Li resources in nature gives rise to a concern about its sustainable development in grid scale. Compared with Li, sodium resource has rich natural abundance in the earth crust and a worldwide distribution, consequently leading to a low price of sodium-based raw materials (e.g., the cost of Na 2 CO 3 is about 25-30 times lower than that of Li 2 CO 3 ). Besides, sodium has a suitable redox potential (E 0 (Na + /Na) = −2.71 V versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), 0.3 V above that of Li + /Li) and similar physical and chemical properties with lithium. [5,6] Therefore, rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which have a similar "rockingchair" working principle of LIBs, are emerging as an appealing choice as alternatives for LIBs. Note that it is difficult for SIBs to bypass LIBs in terms of energy densities because of the much higher weight of Na and lower standard electrochemical potential. [7][8][9][10] Nevertheless, the use of low-cost materials, including inexpensive Na-based raw materials and Al current collectors for both cathodes and anodes in SIBs, could significantly reduce the cost. In this case, SIBs could be applied where cost-effectiveness rather than energy density is the most critical issue, e.g., in the field of large-scale EES. As a result, sodiumbased electroactive materials are enjoying renewed interest especially for very low cost systems for grid storage. [11,12] Given that cathode materials are the key component that determines energy density and cost, tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring suitable positive electrode materials with high reversible capacity, rapid Na ions insertion/extraction, and good cycling stability in the past few years. [13,14] A broad range of compounds, including layered oxides, polyanionic frameworks, hexacyanoferrates, and organics, haveThe increasing demand for replacing conventional fossil fuels with clean energy or economical and sustainable energy storage drives better battery research today. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a promising alternative for grid-scale storage applications due to their similar "rockingchair" sodium storage mechanism to lithium-ion batteries, the natural abundance, and the low cost of Na resources. Searching for appropriate electrode materials with acceptable electrochemical perfor...

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“…[23,64,[71][72][73][74] The recent discovery and optimization of high-voltage cathode materials for SIBs, [75][76][77][78][79] indeed contributed in reviving the interests for a full sodium ion battery, contrarily to the downing of sodium ion rechargeable batteries in the 1980s. Specific attention will be addressed to energy storage principia description, and fundamental notions will be accompanied by state-of-the-art research examples.…”

Section: Sodium-ion Battery Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Readiness Level of Sodium‐Ion Battery Technology: A Materials Review

Chen

Fiore

Wang

et al. 2018

Advanced Sustainable Systems

146

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IntroductionAs renewable energy sources are taking a wider share of worldwide energy production, [1] grids reliability and utilization efficiency are plummeting. [2,3] This is mainly due to intermittency and discontinuity of power sources, such as wind and solar, which determine uncertainties in energy production capability and in fulfilling the instantaneous energy demand. This aspect, in turn, sensibly increases the unpredictability of energy prices spikes and marginal and maintenance costs of traditional fossil fuel plants, which are demanded Since the breakthrough achieved in the research around material intercalating lithium, almost a decade has passed before the commercialization of the first lithium-ion battery (LIB). On the brink of an energy voracious future, convergence of scientific efforts over efficient and low-cost energy production and storage would be advantageous and beneficial. The research hovering around sodium-ion rechargeable batteries (SIBs), a more sustainable alternative to LIBs, has been observing a positive momentum for ten years now, and chemically stable and electrochemically performing anode and cathode materials represent important milestones on the path toward a commercial full-cell. Material science breakthroughs achieved in carbon and graphite based matrices, layered and open framework structures, and sodium storing alloys, disclose new full-cell set up opportunities going beyond traditional "rocking chair" configuration. In this contribution an in-depth analysis of chemical and physical principles lying beyond the energy storage provided by SIBs most recently investigated active materials is given. In the second half of the review, challenges, opportunities, and state-of-the art description of full-cell SIBs lab scale prototypes are discussed. The latter, indeed, stands for a technological validation of a low-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries guaranteeing energy densities close to 150 Wh kg −1 . Sodium-Ion Batteriesdiscontinuously to provide for power unbalances between demand and supply. In general, resilience to these drawbacks would be higher providing an incremented flexibility from demand response resources, interregional energy transmission, and energy storage. Plenty of energy storage systems (ESS) are being utilized to curb renewable energy sources intermittency. Among them, worth to be listed are hydroelectric (pumped hydro), mechanical (flywheels and compressed air), and electrochemical (lead-acid, Na-S, Na-NiCl 2 , and Li-ion batteries). [4] Nevertheless not all the previously cited energy storage technologies are comparable one with another in terms of scalability, environmental impact, investment costs, maintenance, and moreover, responsivity to energy needs. Batteries energy storage, directly suppling electric energy without requiring any mechanical-to-electrical energy transducer, surely represents the most versatile appliance. In particular, intrinsic flexibility of modern Li-ion batteries coupled to renewable power plants, ensures the proper response not...

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High performance manganese-based layered oxide cathodes: overcoming the challenges of sodium ion batteries

Abstract: Rapid advances in sodium ion manganese-based cathode technology make a review, of current status and trends, critical to future developments in this area.

Cited by 438 publications

References 144 publications

Controlled Oxygen Redox for Excellent Power Capability in Layered Sodium‐Based Compounds

Controlled Oxygen Redox for Excellent Power Capability in Layered Sodium‐Based Compounds

Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Phase Transition, Air Stability, and Performance

Readiness Level of Sodium‐Ion Battery Technology: A Materials Review

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