High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass selective detector analysis of major natural dyes with the application of H₂O₂/ultraviolet treatment as a way to simulate burial degradation of textiles

Abstract

H 2 O 2 /ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatment was proposed to simulate burial-induced degradation of natural dyes. The method was applied to the major pigments of Phellodendron bark, madder, and indigo plant, and their silk dyeings, and the degraded samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass selective detector (HPLC-DAD-MS). Retention times of the HPLC chromatogram, UV-visible k max obtained from DAD analysis, and major ion detected by the MS analysis were used to identify berberine, palmatine, alizarin, purpurin, indigotin, and indirubin included in dye solution and the extraction from silk dyeing. Alizarin, purpurin, and indirubin were more susceptible to degradation by H 2 O 2 /UV than berberine and palmatine. Indigotin was completely degraded with 5 minutes of treatment, producing isatin as the degradation product. Alizarin, purpurin, and indigotin were more resistant to degradation when they were affixed to the fibers.

Thermal degradation of natural dyes and their analysis using HPLC-DAD-MS

“…But the two compounds were distinguishable by the major molecular ions [M + H 2 ] + of each coloring compound which are m/z 338 and m/z 354 respectively Ren et al, 2007). The details of the λ max of the UV-visible absorption bands and the major ion detected for each coloring compound follow the analytical results and discussion on the standard dyes reported previously (Ahn et al, 2013;Ahn et al, 2014). The dye solution was thermally degraded in 100°C oven for 1~9 days and the degraded samples were analyzed using the HPLC-DAD-MS instrument.…”

“…The retention times of the peaks of berberine (1), palmatine (2), alizarin (3), purpurin (4), indigotin (5), and indirubin (6) the λ max of both compounds appeared in the UV absorption band of each compound concomitantly (Figure 2). However the two compounds were distinguishable using the differences in major molecular ion typical of each compound which were m/z 263 for indigotin and m/z 257 for purpurin (Ahn et al, 2013;Ahn et al, 2014;Ren et al, 2007). The chromatogram peaks of berberine and palmatine also overlapped and their UV absorption bands were identical due to the fact that berberine and palmatine were both protoberberine alkaloids (Ahn et al, 2013;Ahn et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2009).…”

“…However the two compounds were distinguishable using the differences in major molecular ion typical of each compound which were m/z 263 for indigotin and m/z 257 for purpurin (Ahn et al, 2013;Ahn et al, 2014;Ren et al, 2007). The chromatogram peaks of berberine and palmatine also overlapped and their UV absorption bands were identical due to the fact that berberine and palmatine were both protoberberine alkaloids (Ahn et al, 2013;Ahn et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2009). But the two compounds were distinguishable by the major molecular ions [M + H 2 ] + of each coloring compound which are m/z 338 and m/z 354 respectively Ren et al, 2007).…”

“…The more the intact dye molecules survive, the more the original color will be preserved. Museum textiles which were recovered from burial excavations of Korea, in most cases, look tan in color with complete loss of original hue (Ahn et al, 2012;Ahn et al, 2014;Park, 1996). It is highly probable that the tan color of these textiles were due to the loss of a great amount of dye molecules while the textiles were in burial and also after they were excavated.…”

Analysis of the Degradation of Dye in the Silk Dyed with Natural Dye-Mordant Combination

“…An Agilent 1200 series binary HPLC-DAD-MS system (Foster City, CA) equipped with a diode-array detector (DAD) and a mass selective detector (MSD) consisting of a single quadrupole mass analyzer was used for sample analysis. The instrumental protocols of the HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of this research followed the method used in Ahn et al (2015).…”