High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in total parenteral nutrition and in plasma

Kambia, K; Dine, T.; Gressier, Bernard; Germe, Anne-Françoise; Luyckx, M.; Brunet, C.; Michaud, Laurent; Gottrand, Frédéric

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00125-6

Cited by 99 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Blood specimens were immediately centrifuged (3,500 g for 7 min) and serum was stored at -20°C prior to analysis. The concentrations of DEHP and MEHP were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography [16,17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Humans during Pregnancy

et al. 2003

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Background: Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), the most commonly used plasticizer, is a widespread ubiquitous environmental contaminant. The potential health hazards from exposure to DEHP and its main metabolite, mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), have been well documented. Exposure to DEHP and MEHP in humans at risk, such as pregnant women and human fetuses, has not been tested. Methods: Plasma DEHP and MEHP concentrations were measured in a total of 24 consecutive mother-infant pairs by high performance liquid chromatography. Associations between DEHP/MEHP and infant characteristics were tested using Fisher’s exact test, unpaired t tests and univariate linear regression analysis. Results: Measurable DEHP and MEHP concentrations were found in 17/24 (70.8%) and 18/24 (75%) maternal plasmas, respectively, and in 11/25 (44%) and 18/25 (72.0%) cord samples, respectively. Either DEHP or MEHP were detectable in 21/24 (87.5%) maternal plasmas and 19/25 (76%) cord samples. The mean DEHP concentrations in maternal and cord plasmas were 1.15 ± 0.81 and 2.05 ± 1.47 µg/ml, respectively. The mean MEHP concentrations were 0.68 ± 0.85 and 0.68 ± 1.03 µg/ml, respectively. No significant correlations were found between maternal and cord blood DEHP, maternal and cord blood MEHP, maternal DEHP and cord blood MEHP, or maternal MEHP and cord blood DEHP plasma concentrations. Conclusion: Although the effects of perinatal exposure to phthalates need further research, our findings: (i) confirm the high frequency of DEHP and/or MEHP exposure in human pregnancies; (ii) indicate that the exposure to these environmental contaminants begins during intrauterine life, and (iii) suggest that fetal exposure is closely related to the maternal exposure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Humans during Pregnancy

et al. 2003

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“…Therefore, we measured the serum levels of both compounds by HPLC, as described (19). Di-n-heptyl phthalate (DNHP, 1 g) was included in each serum sample as the internal standard.…”

Section: Analysis Of Serum Mehp and Dehp Levels By Hplcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalate-induced Leydig cell hyperplasia is associated with multiple endocrine disturbances

Akingbemi

Klinefelter

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

316

198

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The possibility that exposures to environmental agents are associated with reproductive disorders in human populations has generated much public interest recently. Phthalate esters are used most commonly as plasticizers in the food and construction industry, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most abundant phthalate in the environment. Daily human exposure to DEHP in the U.S. is significant, and occupational and clinical exposures from DEHP-plasticized medical devices, e.g., blood bags, hemodialysis tubing, and nasogastric feeding tubes, increase body burden levels. We investigated the effects of chronic exposures to low environmentally relevant DEHP levels on testicular function. Our data show that prolonged exposures to this agent induced high levels of the gonadotropin luteinizing hormone and increased the serum concentrations of sex hormones [testosterone and 17␤-estradiol (E2)] by >50%. Increased proliferative activity in Leydig cells was evidenced by enhanced expression of cell cycle proteins, as determined by RT-PCR. The numbers of Leydig cells in the testis of DEHP-treated rats were 40 -60% higher than in control rats, indicating induction of Leydig cell hyperplasia. DEHP-induced elevations in serum testosterone and E2 levels suggest the possibility of multiple crosstalks between androgen, estrogen, and steroid hormone receptors, whereas the presence of estrogen receptors in nonreproductive tissues, e.g., cardiovascular system and bones, implies that the increases in serum E2 levels have implications beyond reproduction, including systemic physiology. Analysis of the effects of phthalate exposures on gonadotropin and steroid hormone levels should form part of overall risk assessment in human populations. R eports of a higher incidence of urogenital anomalies of the newborn, such as cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reproductive abnormalities in wild life exposed to high levels of chemicals in the environment, have generated public concern that these agents may impair human reproductive health (1, 2). Phthalates are used as plasticizers in certain infant toys and consumer products (e.g., containers for soaps, shampoos, and perfumes) and medical devices such as tubings and catheters. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in 1985 (3) estimated the total daily human consumption of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from all sources of exposure at 5.8 mg in the U.S. In a report just published by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the urinary levels of mono-(ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) (micrograms per liter), which is the chief metabolite of DEHP, ranged from 3.26 to 4.15 in males and 2.93 to 3.51 in females; these levels are thought to represent only one-tenth of the ingested DEHP dose within the previous 24 h (4). In a recent review of laboratory studies, the U.S. National Toxicology Program's Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction Expert Panel concluded that DEHP has the potential to produce adverse reproductive effects in humans (5). Indeed, several propo...

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“…So far, various methods such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [7][8][9], solid-phase extraction (SPE) [10][11][12][13][14], and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [15][16][17][18][19][20] have been employed as sample pretreatment procedures for the determination of phthalate esters. Among above mentioned sample pretreatment procedures, solid-phase extraction based on the use of different types of adsorbents such as C 18 [7], C 8 [14], PS-DVB [11][12][13][14], and hydroxylated PS-DVB polymers [12] is the most widely used one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes packed cartridge for the solid-phase extraction of several phthalate esters from water samples and their determination by high performance liquid chromatography

Cai

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2003

Analytica Chimica Acta

285

100

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Being suspected to have carcinogenic and estrogenic properties, the determination of phthalate esters in various environmental samples is very important for environmental risk assessment. In the present paper, a new solid-phase extraction system for HPLC determination of di-ethyl-phthalate, di-n-propyl-phthalate, di-iso-butyl-phthalate, and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate was developed. The four analytes were quantitatively adsorbed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes packed cartridge, then the analytes were quantitatively desorbed with acetonitrile, finally the analytes in acetonitrile eluate were determined by HPLC. Parameters influencing the extraction efficiency such as volume of sample solutions and eluent volume, were examined. Under the optimized conditions, detection limits of 0.18-0.86 ng ml −1 were achieved for four phthalate esters. The proposed method had been used to determine the four phthalate esters in tap water, river water, and sea water samples. No phthalate esters were found in the river water and sea water samples. For the case of tap water sample, di-ethyl-phthalate, di-n-propyl-phthalate, and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate were not found, only 2.0 ng ml −1 of di-iso-butyl-phthalate was found. The accuracy of the proposed method was tested by recovery measurements on spiked samples, the recoveries of 80.3-104.5% were obtained in most cases.

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High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in total parenteral nutrition and in plasma

Cited by 99 publications

References 10 publications

Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Humans during Pregnancy

Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Humans during Pregnancy

Phthalate-induced Leydig cell hyperplasia is associated with multiple endocrine disturbances

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes packed cartridge for the solid-phase extraction of several phthalate esters from water samples and their determination by high performance liquid chromatography

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