High-Performance Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Electrospun PVDF-BaTiO₃ Nanofibers for Self-Powered Vibration Sensing Applications

Abstract

In the present era of intelligent electronics and Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for flexible and wearable devices is very high. Here, we have developed a high-output flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on electrospun poly­(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-barium titanate (BaTiO3) (ES PVDF-BT) composite nanofibers with an enhanced electroactive phase. On addition of 10 wt % BaTiO3 nanoparticles, the electroactive β-phase of the PVDF is found to be escalated to ∼91% as a result of the synergistic interfacial interaction between the tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticles and the ferroelectric host polymer matrix on electrospinning. The fabricated PENG device delivered an open-circuit voltage of ∼50 V and short-circuit current density of ∼0.312 mA m–2. Also, the PVDF-BT nanofiber-based PENG device showed an output power density of ∼4.07 mW m–2, which is 10 times higher than that of a pristine PVDF nanofiber-based PENG device. Furthermore, the developed PENG has been newly demonstrated for self-powered real-time vibration sensing applications such as for mapping of mechanical vibrations from faulty CPU fans, hard disk drives, and electric sewing machines.

A Piezoelectric‐Driven Electrochromic/Electrofluorochromic Dual‐Modal Display Device

“…[37] Adding barium titanate nanoparticles (BaTiO 3 ) to PVDF material has recently been verified to facilitate the crystallographic transition from α-phase to β-phase. [38][39][40] Herein, we prepared PVDF/BaTiO 3 composite nanofibers by electrospinning PVDF/BaTiO 3 solution with different BaTiO 3 contents of 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.% at 15 kV. With the increase of BaTiO 3 nanoparticles, the electrospun PVDF/BaTiO 3 composite nanofibers kept well fibrous morphology, except for some irregular nanoparticles appearing on the nanofibers' surface (Figure S9, Supporting Information).…”

Mylar Interlayer-Mediated Performance Enhancement of a Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Pressure Sensing Application

“…The increasing demand for electrical energy in the society, as a consequence of the technological advances, compelled us to seek new sources of energy. Considering the environmental issues associated with conventional energy sources, green energy harvesters and energy autonomous systems have attained greater attention. − Due to the high output performance, extensive range of material availability, structural simplicity, inexpensive fabrication process, and great design flexibility, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has proved its great acceptance as a sustainable power supply as well as a self-powered sensor for various applications. − TENGs are promising candidates among green energy harvesters, converting waste mechanical energy from the environment and human motions into useful electrical energy through the combined effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. , All materials in this world exhibit triboelectrification that can be found in our day-to-day life when two materials come into frictional contact . Triboelectric charges flow from one material to another when they come into contact frequently and are separated by an applied external force …”

Enhanced Piezoelectricity of PVDF-TrFE Nanofibers by Intercalating with Electrosprayed BaTiO3

“…Novel flexible polymer nanocomposites and microstructures have recently been widely utilized to develop flexible and stretchable sensors and energy harvesters. − Piezoelectric materials are of particular interest due to their capability of transducing mechanical stress to electrical signals and vice versa. Some examples of common piezoelectric materials include barium titanate (BaTiO 3 or BTO), , lead zirconate titanate , with a high piezoelectric coefficient, and flexible piezoelectric polymers, e.g., polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) , and its copolymers (e.g., poly­(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE)). − …”