High-Performance, Flexible Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor Based on ZnO Nanowires Supported on a Gold-Coated Polyester Substrate

Pradhan, Debabrata; Niroui, Farnaz; Leung, K. T.

doi:10.1021/am100413u

Cited by 149 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The CV characterization results ( Figures 3 and 4) imply the feasibility of operating the ZnO-NW EμPAD at voltage higher than 0.3 V. In the following experiments, we chose 0.8 V to be the working voltage for CA as a voltage of 0.8 V was widely used in previous ZnO-NW glucose sensors 11,22 . As shown in typical CA curves (Figure 5a), the capacitive current quickly dropped after applying a 0.8 V voltage, and the Faradaic current eventually dominated the CA current response.…”

Section: Tuning the Design Parameters Of The Zno-nw Eμpadmentioning

confidence: 99%

A paper-based microfluidic biosensor integrating zinc oxide nanowires for electrochemical glucose detection

2015

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This paper reports an electrochemical microfluidic paper-based analytical device (EμPAD) for glucose detection, featuring a highly sensitive working electrode (WE) decorated with zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs). In addition to the common features of μPADs, such as their low costs, high portability/disposability, and ease of operation, the reported EμPAD has three further advantages. (i) It provides higher sensitivity and a lower limit of detection (LOD) than previously reported μPADs because of the high surface-to-volume ratio and high enzyme-capturing efficiency of the ZnO NWs. (ii) It does not need any light-sensitive electron mediator (as is usually required in enzymatic glucose sensing), which leads to enhanced biosensing stability. (iii) The ZnO NWs are directly synthesized on the paper substrate via low-temperature hydrothermal growth, representing a simple, low-cost, consistent, and mass-producible process. To achieve superior analytical performance, the on-chip stored enzyme (glucose oxidase) dose and the assay incubation time are tuned. More importantly, the critical design parameters of the EμPAD, including the WE area and the ZnO-NW growth level, are adjusted to yield tunable ranges for the assay sensitivity and LOD. The highest sensitivity that we have achieved is 8.24 μA·mM, with a corresponding LOD of 59.5 μM. By choosing the right combination of design parameters, we constructed EμPADs that cover the range of clinically relevant glucose concentrations (0−15 mM) and fully calibrated these devices using spiked phosphate-buffered saline and human serum. We believe that the reported approach for integrating ZnO NWs on EμPADs could be well utilized in many other designs of EμPADs and provides a facile and inexpensive paradigm for further enhancing the device performance.

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Section: Tuning the Design Parameters Of The Zno-nw Eμpadmentioning

confidence: 99%

A paper-based microfluidic biosensor integrating zinc oxide nanowires for electrochemical glucose detection

2015

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“…This was attributed to the aligned single crystal nanorods facilitating faster heterogeneous electron transfer, and electrons only having to travel down a single rod, rather than jumping between rods before transferring into the electrode. Pradhan et al [34] deposited a ZnO nanorod array on a Au-coated polyester substrate, to form a flexible enzymatic glucose biosensor. This illustrated the feasibility of realizing light-weight, flexible, high-performance sensing devices using ZnO nanostructures.…”

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO nanostructures in enzyme biosensors

et al. 2015

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Biosensing has developed tremendously since it was demonstrated by Leland C. Clark Jr. in 1962. ZnO nanomaterials are attractive candidates for fabricating biosensors, because of their diverse range of nanostructures, high electron mobility, chemical stability, electrochemical activity, high isoelectric points which promote enzyme adsorption, biocompatibility, and piezoelectric properties. This review covers ZnO nanostructures applied in enzyme biosensors, in the light of electrochemical transduction and field effect transduction. Different assembly processes and immobilization methods have been used to load enzymes into various ZnO nanostructures, providing enzymes with favorable micro-environments and enhancing their sensing performance. We briefly describe recent trends in ZnO syntheses, and the analytical performance of the fabricated biosensors, summarize the advantages of using ZnO nanostructures in biosensors, and conclude with future challenges and prospects.

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“…ZnO is possibly the semiconductor material with the richest variety of low-dimensional (2D, 1D, and 0D) nanostructures including nanocombs [26], nanorods [27], nanowires [28], nanotubes [29], and quantum dots [30]. On the other hand, solution-phase synthesis offers a wider range of cost-effective approaches, flexibility in terms of environment, and scalability.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of zinc oxide nano-microtetrapods for biomolecule sensing applications

Zhao

Karlsson³

et al. 2015

SPIE Proceedings

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a well-known II-VI semiconductor material that has gained renewed interest in the past decade due to the developments of growth technologies and the availability of high-quality ZnO bulk single crystals. Owing to a wide direct band gap (3.37 eV), large exciton binding energy (60 meV), and high electron mobility (440 cm 2 V -1 s -1 ),ZnO has been used for applications including actuators, optoelectronics, and sensors. ZnO nanoparticles can be synthesized in a broad variety of morphologies, such as nanotetrapods, nanotubes, and nanowires. Among these nanostructures, the tetrapods have attracted significant attention due to their unique morphology consisting of four legs connected together in a tetrahedral symmetry. Recently, it has been reported that nano-microstructuredZnO tetrapods (ZnO-Ts) can be synthesized by flame transport synthesis (FTS) in a rapid and up-scalable approach. Compared to conventional ZnO nanoparticles, the nanomicrostructured ZnO-Ts can reduce cellular uptake, while still exhibiting specific nanomaterial properties due to the nanoscale tips. Moreover, the anisotropic ZnO-Ts have the advantages of multiple electron transfer paths, chemical stability, and biocompatibility, which make the ZnO-Ts promising candidates for biomolecule sensing applications.This work herein reports a systematical study on the structural, optical and electrochemical properties of the ZnO-Ts, which were synthesized by FTS using precursor Zn microparticles. The morphology of the ZnO-Ts was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as joint structures of four single crystalline legs, of which the diameter of each leg is 0.7-2.2 μm in average from the tip to the stem. The ZnO-Ts were dispersed in glucose solutions to study the photoluminescence as well as photocatalytic activity in a mimicked biological environment. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity in the ultraviolet (UV) region decreased with linear dependence on the glucose concentration up to 4 mM.The ZnO-Ts were also attached with glucose oxidase (GOx) and over coated with Nafion ® to form the active media for electrochemical glucose sensing. The active layers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the current response of the active layers to glucose was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in various glucose concentration conditions. Stable current response to glucose was detected with linear dependence on the glucose concentration up to 12 mM, which confirms the potential of ZnO-Ts for biomolecule sensing applications.

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High-Performance, Flexible Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor Based on ZnO Nanowires Supported on a Gold-Coated Polyester Substrate

Cited by 149 publications

References 23 publications

A paper-based microfluidic biosensor integrating zinc oxide nanowires for electrochemical glucose detection

A paper-based microfluidic biosensor integrating zinc oxide nanowires for electrochemical glucose detection

ZnO nanostructures in enzyme biosensors

Evaluation of zinc oxide nano-microtetrapods for biomolecule sensing applications

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