High‐Performance As‐Cast Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Thicker Active Layer and Large Area Exceeding 11% Power Conversion Efficiency

Fan, Qunping; Wang, Yan; Zhang, Maojie; Wu, Bo; Guo, Xia; Jiang, Yufeng; Li, Wanbin; Guo, Bing; Ye, Chennan; Su, Wenyan; Fang, Jin; Ou, Xuemei; Liu, Feng; Wei, Zhixiang; Sum, Tze Chien; Russell, Thomas P.; Li, Yongfang

doi:10.1002/adma.201704546

Cited by 235 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…On the basis of the OTFT output characteristics and the threshold voltages (V T ), the difluorinated phthalimide-based polymer ffPhI-ffBT shows a larger contact resistance due to its lower-positioned HOMO energy Adv. [28,[64][65][66] Inverted PSCs with a structure of ITO/ZnO/active layer/ MoO 3 /Ag were also constructed to further evaluate the photovoltaic performance of both polymers. 2019, 6, 1801743 level, which results in a higher hole injection barrier with the Au source/drain electrodes.…”

Section: Organic Thin-film Transistor and Polymer Solar Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalimide‐Based High Mobility Polymer Semiconductors for Efficient Nonfullerene Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiencies over 13%

Chen

Koh

et al. 2018

Advanced Science

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Highly efficient nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) are developed based on two new phthalimide‐based polymers phthalimide‐difluorobenzothiadiazole (PhI‐ffBT) and fluorinated phthalimide‐ffBT (ffPhI‐ffBT). Compared to all high‐performance polymers reported, which are exclusively based on benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT), both PhI‐ffBT and ffPhI‐ffBT are BDT‐free and feature a D‐A1‐D‐A2 type backbone. Incorporating a second acceptor unit difluorobenzothiadiazole leads to polymers with low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital levels (≈−5.6 eV) and a complementary absorption with the narrow bandgap nonfullerene acceptor IT‐4F. Moreover, these BDT‐free polymers show substantially higher hole mobilities than BDT‐based polymers, which are beneficial to charge transport and extraction in solar cells. The PSCs containing difluorinated phthalimide‐based polymer ffPhI‐ffBT achieve a substantial PCE of 12.74% and a large V oc of 0.94 V, and the PSCs containing phthalimide‐based polymer PhI‐ffBT show a further increased PCE of 13.31% with a higher J sc of 19.41 mA cm−2 and a larger fill factor of 0.76. The 13.31% PCE is the highest value except the widely studied BDT‐based polymers and is also the highest among all benzothiadiazole‐based polymers. The results demonstrate that phthalimides are excellent building blocks for enabling donor polymers with the state‐of‐the‐art performance in nonfullerene PSCs and the BDT is not necessary for constructing such donor polymers.

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Section: Organic Thin-film Transistor and Polymer Solar Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalimide‐Based High Mobility Polymer Semiconductors for Efficient Nonfullerene Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiencies over 13%

Chen

Koh

et al. 2018

Advanced Science

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confidence: 99%

“…Martorell and coworkers [36] reported that UV light gives rise to the disordering of [6,6]-Phenyl-C 71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM) domain leading to device performance degradation, which would be prevented by introducing a robust nanocrystalline PC 71 BM phase. Martorell and coworkers [36] reported that UV light gives rise to the disordering of [6,6]-Phenyl-C 71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM) domain leading to device performance degradation, which would be prevented by introducing a robust nanocrystalline PC 71 BM phase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Strategy to Stabilize an Unstable High‐Efficiency Binary Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with a Third Component

Zhu

Gadisa

Peng

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

139

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decades, heuristic approaches have been successfully used to enhance the performance of OSCs, including synthesis of new donor and acceptor molecules, [5][6][7][8][9][10] optimization of the interface and morphology, [11][12][13][14][15] ternary blending, [16][17][18][19] and device engineering. [20][21][22][23] As a result, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs has surpassed 15% for single-layer bulkheterojunction systems. [24,25] As the PCE of OSCs is getting closer to the requirements for commercial applications and competing technology, the most efficient OSCs also need to perform consistently or maintain low efficiency loss throughout their lifetimes. [26][27][28] To make organic photovoltaics commercially viable and competitive, researchers have been making efforts on characterizing, understanding, and rationally engineering the long-term stability of OSC devices. [26,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Generally, the performance degradation of OSCs comes from the oxidation of electrodes, degradation of the interface layers, and changes in the morphology of the active layer. Among these factors, the oxidation of electrodes and the degradation of the interface layers are attributed to exposure to oxygen and moisture, [39,40] and these drawbacks can be largely prevented by encapsulation. [41,42] However, the intrinsic instability of active layer morphology driven by light, temperature, and thermodynamics cannot be prevented by encapsulation. In-depth studies were carried out to understand the stability of the active layers under multiple stresses. [43] For instance, McGehee and co-workers [29] reported that solar cells based on amorphous materials would suffer from open-circuit voltage (V OC ) burnin degradation resulted from the impact of light-induced traps, and this degradation can be reduced by using materials with high degree of crystallinity. Brabec group [33] demonstrated that the light-induced [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) dimerization would lead to the short-circuit current density (J SC ) loss after aging, while this dimerization can be inhibited by a high degree of polymer-fullerene mixing and it can also be reduced via increasing the crystallization of the fullerene domains. Brabec and co-workers [34] found that burnin degradation driven by low miscibility is the major short-time Long device lifetime is still a missing key requirement in the commercialization of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) organic solar cell technology. Understanding thermodynamic factors driving morphology degradation or stabilization is correspondingly lacking. In this report, thermodynamics is combined with morphology to elucidate the instability of highly efficient PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F binary solar cells and to rationally use PC 71 BM in ternary solar cells to reduce the loss in the power conversion efficiency from ≈35% to <10% after storage for 90 days and at the same time improve performance. The hypomiscibility observed for IEICO-4F in PTB7-Th (below the percolation threshold) leads to overpurific...

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“…Thus, it is necessary to develop high efficiency OSCs with tolerance of the active layer thickness. [39,40] Thus, the charge transport and collection process in those NFA based thick films are not efficient. [33,34] It was reflected in the decline of fill factor (FF) with the increase of film thickness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[39] Recently, Yang and co-workers reported PTQ10:IDTPC based polymer solar cells which exhibited the optimized PCE of 12.2%, and gave a PCE of 10.0% with the active layer thickness of 400 nm. [39] Recently, Yang and co-workers reported PTQ10:IDTPC based polymer solar cells which exhibited the optimized PCE of 12.2%, and gave a PCE of 10.0% with the active layer thickness of 400 nm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance Thick‐Film Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 10% and Active Layer Thickness of 600 nm

Zhang

Feng

Meng

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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been reported. And for tandem solar cells, the PCE has reached 17%. [22] However, the vast majority of those device performances were obtained with layer-thicknesses at around 100 nm [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] and decreased drastically with the increase of the active layer thickness, which limits their application in the roll to roll large-scale solution printing technology. [30,31] Furthermore, 20%-40% of the incident photon flux were wasted in such a active layer thickness, [32] which directly limits the short circuit current density (J sc ) of the corresponding OSCs. Thus, it is necessary to develop high efficiency OSCs with tolerance of the active layer thickness. However, a lot of research work have proved that the charge collection efficiency of a device is inversely proportional to the square of the film thickness of the active layer. [33,34] It was reflected in the decline of fill factor (FF) with the increase of film thickness. Also, the J sc will decrease due to the severe bimolecular recombination. [35,36] Thus, it is still a challenge to obtain high efficiency devices with active layer thickness tolerance. To date, in the reported cases with active layer thickness tolerance, most are based on fullerene derivative acceptors and it has been found that the donor materials with high crystallinity and balanced mobility with fullerene derivative acceptors manifested better performance with high film thickness. [35][36][37][38] Compared with fullerene derivatives based OSCs, it is much more challenging to realize thick-film NFAs OSCs with high performance since the electron mobilities of NFAs are usually lower than that of fullerene derivative acceptors. [39,40] Thus, the charge transport and collection process in those NFA based thick films are not efficient. So far, great attentions have been drawn on the NFA based thick film OSCs and much progress have been made. For examples, Yip and co-workers reported devices based on PffBT4T-2OD:EH-IDTBR and realized a PCE of 9.1% with an active layer thickness of 300 nm by optimizing device architectures to overcome the space-charge effects. [41] Zhang and co-workers reported devices based on PM6:IDIC with PCEs of 11.9% under the film thickness of 150 nm and 11.3% under the condition of 255 nm condition. Although the device performance is good enough, the cases with thicker active layers Developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) with relatively thick active layer compatible with the roll to roll large area printing process is an inevitable requirement for the commercialization of this field. However, typical laboratory OSCs generally exhibit active layers with optimized thickness around 100 nm and very low thickness tolerance, which cannot be suitable for roll to roll process. In this work, high performance of thick-film organic solar cells employing a nonfullerene acceptor F-2Cl and a polymer donor PM6 is demonstrated. High power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 13.80% in the inverted structure device and 12.83% in the conventional structure device are achi...

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High‐Performance As‐Cast Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Thicker Active Layer and Large Area Exceeding 11% Power Conversion Efficiency

Cited by 235 publications

References 48 publications

Phthalimide‐Based High Mobility Polymer Semiconductors for Efficient Nonfullerene Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiencies over 13%

Phthalimide‐Based High Mobility Polymer Semiconductors for Efficient Nonfullerene Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiencies over 13%

Rational Strategy to Stabilize an Unstable High‐Efficiency Binary Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with a Third Component

High Performance Thick‐Film Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 10% and Active Layer Thickness of 600 nm

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