High performance aluminum–cerium alloys for high-temperature applications

Sims, Zachary C.; Rios, Orlando; Weiss, David; Turchi, P. E. A.; Perron, Aurélien; Lee, Jonathan R. I.; Li, Tian T.; Hammons, Joshua A.; Bagge‐Hansen, Michael; Willey, Trevor M.; An, Ke; Chen, Yan; King, Alexander H.; McCall, S.

doi:10.1039/c7mh00391a

Cited by 173 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This reference confirms the Al-rich compound had previously been incorrectly identified as Al-CeAl 4 . Recently calculated Thermo-Calc data predicted a eutectic of Al 11 Ce 3 at 580°C at 10 wt.% [2.09 at.%] [11].…”

Section: Metallurgical Aspects Of the Al-ce Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composites and Alloys Based on the Al-Ce System

Weiss¹

2020

Aluminium Alloys and Composites

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Aluminum alloys containing small amounts of cerium have been investigated to improve the grain refining, casting characteristics, and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. These additions were usually made at levels of 1% or less but did not produce appreciable improvements. Recent work has shown that additions between 4% and the approximate eutectic composition of 10% improve the high-temperature performance of aluminum alloys. Corrosion performance of aluminum alloys can also be improved through the addition of Ce. Traditional aluminum alloying elements such as magnesium and silicon can be used to control casting characteristics and thermal and physical properties. Cerium oxide is the predominate oxide in rare earth mining. Much of it is discarded after separation from the heavy rare earth oxides containing Nd and Dy. The beneficial use of Ce should reduce the cost of the more desirable rare earths. Results of using Ce as an addition to aluminum in multiple manufacturing methods such as additive manufacturing, extrusion, and casting are explored. The results show significant strengthening and improved mechanical property retention at higher temperatures than in other aluminum alloys and, in some compositions, show complete recovery of mechanical properties at room temperature when exposed to elevated temperatures as high as 500°C for 1000 hours.

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Section: Metallurgical Aspects Of the Al-ce Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An extensive analysis of the strengthening mechanisms and microstructural analysis of the Al-Ce system can be found in Ref. [11].…”

Section: Metallurgical Aspects Of the Al-ce Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites and Alloys Based on the Al-Ce System

Weiss¹

2020

Aluminium Alloys and Composites

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“…Additionally, extensive studies [26,27] in 2519A aluminum alloy plate show that Ce leads to an increased precipitation phase volume fraction, as well as a more dispersive and homogeneous distribution promotes the precipitation of denser and finer θ′ precipitates, which improves the tensile strength of the alloy at both room and elevated temperatures. Recently, [28] shows that cerium intermetallic phases are highly stable in Al-12Ce-4Si-0.4Mg (wt%), displaying a room temperature ultimate tensile strength of 400 MPa and yield strength of 320 MPa, with 80% mechanical property retention at 240°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature mechanical properties of cast Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloy by combined additions of cerium and zirconium

Bevilaqua

Stadtlander

Froehlich

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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The main aim of this work is to investigate the effects of combinative Ce and Zr additions (0.3 wt% Ce+0.16 wt% Zr; 0.3 wt% Ce+0.27 wt% Zr and 0.3 wt% Ce+0.36 wt% Zr) on the microstructure and mechanical properties in cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy. The microstructures features were investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and hardness measurements. The microstructural analysis has shown that the increase of Ce and Zr contents increases the volume fraction of intermetallics formed during the solidification leading to grain refinement and changes in silicon morphology of the as-cast microstructure. The intermetallics formed do not dissolve during the solution heating treatment (T6). The mechanical behavior at room and high temperatures (175, 210, 245 and 275°C) was determined from uniaxial tensile tests. The high thermal stability of Al-Si-Cu-La-Ce and Al-Si-Zr-Ti-Mg phases found in microstructure, in particular for the alloy containing 0.3 wt% Ce+0.27 wt% Zr, is responsible for the increase to 6.7% and 5.1% the ultimate strength at 210°C and 275°C respectively, compared with the standard alloy.

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“…The consequences of technological change on the demand and supply of critical materials is illustrated by the introduction of a recently developed aluminum-cerium-magnesium (AlCeMg) alloy [30,31] in two scenarios. In the Fe substitution scenario set, a rate r (1-100%) of the AlCeMg alloy is substituted for cast iron in internal combustion engines of cars sold from 2025 onwards.…”

Section: Scenarios Of Technological Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A newly developed aluminum-cerium-magnesium alloy [30,31] serves as a case study to model such scenarios. This alloy, brought to market in November 2016, has several characteristics that make it a compelling case study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Emerging Vehicle Technologies on Rare Earth Supply and Demand in the United States

et al. 2018

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Abstract:We explore the long-term demand and supply potentials of rare earth elements in alternative energy vehicles (AEVs) in the United States until 2050. Using a stock-flow model, we compare a baseline scenario with scenarios that incorporate an exemplary technological innovation: a novel aluminum-cerium-magnesium alloy. We find that the introduction of the novel alloy demonstrates that even low penetration rates can exceed domestic cerium production capacity, illustrating possible consequences of technological innovations to material supply and demand. End-of-life vehicles can, however, overtake domestic mining as a source of materials, calling for proper technologies and policies to utilize this emerging source. The long-term importing of critical materials in manufactured and semi-manufactured products shifts the location of material stocks and hence future secondary supply of high-value materials, culminating in a double benefit to the importing country. This modeling approach is adaptable to the study of varied scenarios and materials, linking technologies with supply and demand dynamics in order to understand their potential economic and environmental consequences.

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High performance aluminum–cerium alloys for high-temperature applications

Abstract: A new class of castable cerium strengthened aluminum alloys has phenomenal high temperature properties without the need for heat treatment.

Cited by 173 publications

References 34 publications

Composites and Alloys Based on the Al-Ce System

Composites and Alloys Based on the Al-Ce System

High-temperature mechanical properties of cast Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloy by combined additions of cerium and zirconium

Implications of Emerging Vehicle Technologies on Rare Earth Supply and Demand in the United States

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