High-pass NGD characterization of resistive-inductive network based low-frequency circuit

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide the high-pass (HP) negative group delay (NGD) circuit based (RL) network. Synthesis and experimental investigation of HP-NGD circuit are developed. Design/methodology/approach The research work methodology is organized in three phases. The definition of the HP-NGD ideal specifications is introduced. The synthesis method allowing to determine the RL elements is developed. The validation results are discussed with comparison between the calculated model, simulation and measurement. Findings This paper shows a validation of the HP-NGD theory with responses confirming NGD optimal frequency, value and attenuation of about (9 kHz, −1.12 µs, −1.64 dB) and (21 kHz, −0.92 µs, −4.81 dB) are measured. The tested circuits have experimented NGD cut-off frequencies around 5 and 11.7 kHz. Research limitations/implications The validity of the HP-NGD topology depends on the coil self-inductance resonance. The HP-NGD effect is susceptible to be penalized by the parasitic elements of the self. Practical implications The NGD circuit is usefully exploited in the electronic and communication system to reduce the undesired delay effect context. The NGD can be used to compensate the delay in any electronic devices and system. Social implications Applications based on the NGD technology will be helpful in the communication, transportation and security research fields by reducing the delay inherent to any electronic circuit. Originality/value The originality of the paper concerns the synthesis formulations of the RL elements in function of the expected HP-NGD optimal frequency, value and attenuation. In addition, an original measurement technique of HP-NGD is also introduced.

High-pass negative group delay analysis of single capacitor three-port circuit

“…We remind that the NGD analysis (Mitchell and Chiao, 1997, 1998; Nakanishi et al , 2002; Kitano, 2003; Munday and Henderson, 2004; Eleftheriades et al , 2003; Siddiqui et al , 2003; Markley and Eleftheriades, 2010; Monti and Tarricone, 2009; Liu and Xu, 2017; Chaudhary and Jeong, 2017; Shao et al , 2018; Kandic and Bridges, 2011; Wu and Itoh, 2014; Zhang et al , 2017; Ravelo, 2013, 2016, 2017; Randriatsiferana et al , 2021; Wan et al , 2022; Guerin et al , 2021a, 2021b; Du et al , 2021; Ravelo et al , 2020b; Nebhen and Ravelo, 2021; Wan et al , 2021; Ravelo et al , 2022a; Lalléchére et al , 2021; Fenni et al , 2021; Guerin et al , 2021b) depends essentially on the elaboration of the transmission coefficient, S mn ( s ), with integer subscript, m ≠ n . By taking the Laplace variable versus angular frequency, s = jω , with angular frequency ω , the transmission coefficient can be expressed as: The basic elements to be explored to pursue the NGD analysis are transmittance, T ( ω ), and phase, φ ( ω ), which are given by, respectively: This last expression can be derived according to the circuit theory-associated group delay (GD) defined by the following equation: The GD at very LF is given by: If GD 0 < 0, the circuit can be classified as LP-NGD topology with cutoff frequency as the root of equation: The basic characteristics of this response are introduced as described in the following paragraph.…”

“…Table 5 indicates the essential impact of the proposed study compared to the NGD topology design in previous studies (Ravelo, 2016; Randriatsiferana et al , 2021; Wan et al , 2022; Guerin et al , 2021a; Du et al , 2021; Ravelo et al , 2020b; Nebhen and Ravelo, 2021; Wan et al , 2021; Ravelo et al , 2022a; Lalléchére et al , 2021; Fenni et al , 2021; Guerin et al , 2021a, 2021b; Jia et al , 2022; Sambatra et al , 2022; Ravelo et al , 2021c, 2022e). In this table, NGD topologies of two- (Randriatsiferana et al , 2021; Wan et al , 2022; Guerin et al , 2021a, 2021b; Du et al , 2021; Ravelo et al , 2020b; Nebhen and Ravelo, 2021; Fenni et al , 2021; Guerin et al , 2021b), three- (Nebhen and Ravelo, 2021; Wan et al , 2021; Jia et al , 2022; Sambatra et al , 2022) and four- (Ravelo et al , 2021c, 2022e) port circuits are discussed. The new contribution of the NGD topology developed in this study is:…”

“…Hence, simpler passive topologies of low-pass (LP) NGD (Ravelo, 2017, 2016; Randriatsiferana et al , 2021; Wan et al , 2022), high-pass (HP) NGD (Guerin et al , 2021a; Du et al , 2021), bandpass (BP) NGD (Ravelo et al , 2020b; Nebhen and Ravelo, 2021; Wan et al , 2021; Ravelo et al , 2022a) and stop-band (SB) NGD (Lalléchére et al , 2021; Fenni et al , 2021) lumped cells were investigated and developed. Those identified NGD-lumped topologies (Ravelo, 2017, 2016; Randriatsiferana et al , 2021; Wan et al , 2022; Guerin et al , 2021a; Du et al , 2021; Ravelo et al , 2020a, 2020b; Nebhen and Ravelo, 2021; Wan et al , 2021; Ravelo et al , 2022a; Lalléchére et al , 2021; Fenni et al , 2021; Guerin et al , 2021b) constituted by resistive-inductive (RL), resistive-capacitive (RC), inductive-capacitive (LC) and resistive-inductive-capacitive (RLC) networks were identified. The unfamiliar NGD passive circuits (Ravelo, 2013, 2016, 2017; Randriatsiferana et al , 2021; Wan et al , 2022; Guerin et al , 2021a; Du et al , 2021; Ravelo et al , 2020b, 2022a; Lalléchére et al , 2021; Fenni et al , 2021; Guerin et al , 2021b; Jia et al , 2022) were generally designed with two-port topologies.…”

“…Those identified NGD-lumped topologies (Ravelo, 2017(Ravelo, , 2016Randriatsiferana et al, 2021;Wan et al, 2022;Guerin et al, 2021a;Du et al, 2021;Ravelo et al, 2020aRavelo et al, , 2020bNebhen and Ravelo, 2021;Wan et al, 2021;Ravelo et al, 2022a;Lall ech ere et al, 2021;Fenni et al, 2021;Guerin et al, 2021b) constituted by resistive-inductive (RL), resistive-capacitive (RC), inductive-capacitive (LC) and resistive-inductive-capacitive (RLC) networks were identified. The unfamiliar NGD passive circuits (Ravelo, 2013(Ravelo, , 2016(Ravelo, , 2017Randriatsiferana et al, 2021;Wan et al, 2022;Guerin et al, 2021a;Du et al, 2021;Ravelo et al, 2020bRavelo et al, , 2022aLall ech ere et al, 2021;Fenni et al, 2021;Guerin et al, 2021b;Jia et al, 2022) were generally designed with two-port topologies.…”

“…The existence and the diversity of NGD effect generator becomes an attractive topic for few electronic engineering researchers from 1990s to now (Mitchell and Chiao, 1997, 1998; Nakanishi et al , 2002; Kitano, 2003; Munday and Henderson, 2004; Eleftheriades et al , 2003; Siddiqui et al , 2003; Markley and Eleftheriades, 2010; Monti and Tarricone, 2009; Liu and Xu, 2017; Chaudhary and Jeong, 2017; Shao et al , 2018; Kandic and Bridges, 2011; Wu and Itoh, 2014; Zhang et al , 2017; Ravelo, 2013, 2016, 2017; Randriatsiferana et al , 2021; Wan et al , 2022; Guerin et al , 2021a, 2021b; Du et al , 2021; Ravelo et al , 2020b; Nebhen and Ravelo, 2021; Wan et al , 2021; Ravelo et al , 2022a; Lalléchére et al , 2021; Fenni et al , 2021; Guerin et al , 2021a, 2021b; Jia et al , 2022; Sambatra et al , 2022; Ravelo et al , 2021c, 2022e). It was found that the NGD effect can be interpreted in the time domain by smoothed pulse signals with output propagating in time-advance compared to the input (Mitchell and Chiao, 1997, 1998; Nakanishi et al , 2002; Kitano, 2003; Munday and Henderson, 2004).…”