High occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in equine nasal samples

Evolution of Multidrug-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfections in Horses and Colonized Personnel in an Equine Clinic Between 2005 and 2010

“…This person was previously working in an equine clinic in Belgium, a country where MRSA ST398-t011 is prevalent in the equine population. 18,37 Similarly, ST8-t064-IVd was first detected in 2010 in one newly hired person from a German Clinic where this clonal lineage has been reported in both horses and humans 39 and it was detected 1 year later in the infection site of one horse at the Equine Clinic Bern, thus emphasizing the role of humans in the introduction of MRSA into equine clinics. During a 6-month period from March to August 2007, after the introduction of MRSA into the clinic in Bern, infections in horses were caused by either MRSA or BORSA.…”

“…17,31,35,38,42 Specific MRSA belonging to clonal complexes CC1, CC5, CC8, CC22, CC59, CC88, CC398, and mainly to spa type t002, t008, t009, t011, t020, t022, t032, t034, t036, t064, t127, t166, t186, t216, t451, t588, t1197, t1451, and t2123 have been identified as a cause of nosocomial infections in numerous equine clinics. 9,27,[37][38][39]43 S. aureus can colonize the skin and mucosa, especially nasal mucosa, of healthy horses and humans, which then acts as a reservoir for MRSA and contributes to its spread into the community and hospitals. 14,35,38,40 Horses entering the hospital have been shown to contribute to the introduction and spread of MRSA in the clinic.…”

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Isolated from Healthy Horses and Horse Personnel in Italy

“…32,33 Recently, high prevalence of the CoN staphylococci was found in healthy horses in Europe. 4,28,26 However, no MRSA strains have been isolated. No cases of nasal colonization of horses with MRS have been described in Italy.…”

“…A putative risk of MRSA cross-transmission between humans and horses has been described. 21,26 In addition, a case of MRSA human-to-dog transmission, 27 as well as other cases of MRSA cross-transmission between domestic animals and humans, 17,23 has been reported. Instead, very little is known about CoN MRS transmission between animals and humans.…”

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Food- Producing and Companion Animals and Food Products

“…CC398-SCCmec IV was irst found from infected horses in the Veterinary University of Vienna in Austria [222]. CC398 isolated from nasal samples of horses in the Netherlands and Belgium exhibited high prevalence rates, 9.3 and 10.9%, respectively [227,229]. More than 25 spa-types have been reported, and three types, such as t011, t064 and t451, were the most widespread [230].…”