High numerical aperture microendoscope objective for a fiber confocal reflectance microscope

Kester, Robert T.; Tkaczyk, Tomasz S.; Descour, Michael R.; Christenson, Todd; Richards‐Kortum, Rebecca

doi:10.1364/oe.15.002409

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Large crossing angles, θ, and beam numerical apertures, α, may also create additional challenges for aberration-corrected optics and the index-matching of beams into tissues. 9,33,34 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the performance of dual-axis confocal microscopes via Monte-Carlo scattering simulations and diffraction theory

Chen

Liu

2013

J. Biomed. Opt

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Abstract. Dual-axis confocal (DAC) microscopy has been found to exhibit superior rejection of out-of-focus and multiply scattered background light compared to conventional single-axis confocal microscopy. DAC microscopes rely on the use of separated illumination and collection beam paths that focus and intersect at a single focal volume (voxel) within tissue. While it is generally recognized that the resolution and contrast of a DAC microscope depends on both the crossing angle of the DAC beams, 2θ, and the focusing numerical aperture of the individual beams, α, a detailed study to investigate these dependencies has not been performed. Contrast and resolution are considered as two main criteria to assess the performance of a point-scanned DAC microscope (DAC-PS) and a line-scanned DAC microscope (DAC-LS) as a function of θ and α. The contrast and resolution of these designs are evaluated by MonteCarlo scattering simulations and diffraction theory calculations, respectively. These results can be used for guiding the optimal designs of DAC-PS and DAC-LS microscopes.

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“…Large crossing angles, θ, and beam numerical apertures, α, may also create additional challenges for aberration-corrected optics and the index-matching of beams into tissues. 9,33,34 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the performance of dual-axis confocal microscopes via Monte-Carlo scattering simulations and diffraction theory

Chen

Liu

2013

J. Biomed. Opt

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“…1a), each of which used different materials and fabrication techniques 9,18,19,22 . These lens systems have similar specifications (numerical aperture of 1.0, field-of-view of 250 m, and outer diameter less than 10 mm), yet they differ significantly in their cost and potential for mass production (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently described a novel design for creating miniature objective lens systems which could potentially be very cost-effective 18,19 (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Systems for Point-of-care Diagnostic Instrumentation: Analysis of Imaging Performance and Cost

et al. 2013

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One of the key elements in point-of-care (POC) diagnostic test instrumentation is the optical system required for signal detection and / or imaging. Many tests which use fluorescence, absorbance, or colorimetric optical signals are under development for management of infectious diseases in resource limited settings, where the overall size and cost of the device is of critical importance. At present, high-performance lenses are expensive to fabricate and difficult to obtain commercially, presenting barriers for developers of in vitro POC tests or microscopic image-based diagnostics. We recently described a compact “hybrid” objective lens incorporating both glass and plastic optical elements, with a numerical aperture of 1.0 and field-of-view of 250 m. This design concept may potentially enable mass-production of high-performance, low-cost optical systems which can be easily incorporated in the readout path of existing and emerging POC diagnostic assays. In this paper, we evaluate the biological imaging performance of these lens systems in three broad POC diagnostic application areas; (1) bright field microscopy of histopathology slides, (2) cytologic examination of blood smears, and (3) immunofluorescence imaging. We also break down the fabrication costs and draw comparisons with other miniature optical systems. The hybrid lenses provided images with quality comparable to conventional microscopy, enabling examination of neoplastic pathology and infectious parasites including malaria and cryptosporidium. We describe how these components can be produced at below $10 per unit in full-scale production quantities, making these systems well suited for use within POC diagnostic instrumentation.

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“…Advances in this area can be divided into two categories: objective lens systems that use miniature multi-lens objectives and systems based on the use of gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics. Multi-lens miniature objectives have been used for linear and nonlinear imaging techniques such as confocal reflectance [11][12][13][14][15], two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) [16][17][18][19][20] and CARS. [21,22] Similarly, GRIN lenses have been utilized in confocal reflectance [23], TPEF [24][25][26][27][28] and CRS [29] imaging applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achromatic miniature lens system for coherent Raman scattering microscopy

Mittal¹,

Balu²,

Wilder‐Smith³

et al. 2013

Biomed. Opt. Express

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We discuss the design and performance of a miniature objective lens optimized for coherent Raman scattering microscopy. The packaged lens assembly has a numerical aperture of 0.51 in water and an outer diameter of 8 mm. The lens system exhibits minimum chromatic aberrations, and produces coherent Raman scattering images with sub-micrometer lateral resolution (0.648 µm) using near-infrared excitation pulses. We demonstrate that despite the small dimensions of the miniature objective, the performance of this lens system is comparable to standard microscope objective lenses, offering opportunities for miniaturizing coherent Raman scattering imaging probes without sacrificing the image quality.

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High numerical aperture microendoscope objective for a fiber confocal reflectance microscope

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

Optimizing the performance of dual-axis confocal microscopes via Monte-Carlo scattering simulations and diffraction theory

Optimizing the performance of dual-axis confocal microscopes via Monte-Carlo scattering simulations and diffraction theory

Optical Systems for Point-of-care Diagnostic Instrumentation: Analysis of Imaging Performance and Cost

Achromatic miniature lens system for coherent Raman scattering microscopy

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