High‐mobility group box‐1 release into fetal circulation from umbilical cord tissue and amniotic epithelium in fetal ischemia

Abstract

We report the case of a baby with low birthweight born by emergency caesarean section at 33 weeks 2 days' gestation due to placental abruption. High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) and interleukin-17 concentration in the umbilical cord blood were high at 55.7 ng/mL and 50.7 pg/mL, respectively. On immunostaining of umbilical cord and amniotic epithelium, HMGB-1 was identified in the nuclei of vascular endothelial cells and cytoplasm of the surrounding cells in the umbilical cord. This suggests that, in the present case of placental abruption and subsequent ischemic placenta and fetus, the high level of HMGB-1 observed was due to the release of HMGB-1 into the umbilical cord blood from the vascular endothelial cells of the umbilical cord.

Multicenter study for brain/body hypothermia for hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy: Changes inHMGB‐1

“…Studies of HMGB‐1 in neonates have occasionally been reported . Thus, we investigated serum HMGB‐1 in full‐term neonates with no abnormalities.…”

“…Studies of HMGB-1 in neonates have occasionally been reported. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Thus, we investigated serum HMGB-1 in full-term neonates with no abnormalities. In 2012, we reported that the reference range of serum HMGB-1 in these neonates was 2.0-35.3 ng/mL, which was higher than that (10 ng/mL) in adults.…”

“…There have been few studies of HMGB‐1 in neonates . We performed measurements of HMGB‐1 in the blood in neonates to determine its reference range and found that this range in neonates was higher than the normal range in adults .…”

“…5 We subsequently reported that the vascular endothelial cell production in the umbilical cord might be one of the factors involved in the high level of HMGB-1 in neonates. 6 Pro-inflammatory cytokines respond to invasion approximately 1-2 h after the onset of invasion, while HMGB-1 does so after approximately 8-32 h and remains at an increased level for several days. Thus, HMGB-1 has received attention as a fatal mediator that increases in the late phases of invasion.…”

“…There have been few studies of HMGB-1 in neonates. [2][3][4][5][6][7] We performed measurements of HMGB-1 in the blood in neonates to determine its reference range and found that this range in neonates was higher than the normal range in adults. 5 We subsequently reported that the vascular endothelial cell production in the umbilical cord might be one of the factors involved in the high level of HMGB-1 in neonates.…”