High Levels of Insecticide Resistance in Introduced Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations and Implications for Management

Oyarzún, Marcela; Li, A. Y.; Figueroa, Christian C.

doi:10.1603/ec10188

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…The status of pyrethroid resistance in Brazil is similar to what has been observed in other South American countries, such as Uruguay (MARQUES et al, 1997), Argentina (GUGLIELMONE et al, 2001) and Chile (OYARZÚN et al, 2011), where widespread horn fly resistance to pyrethroids has been detected regionally or nationally.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Previous studies in South American countries also failed to detect resistance to diazinon (MARQUES et al, 1997;GUGLIELMONE et al, 2000;BARROS et al, 2002;OYARZÚN et al, 2011), thus suggesting that if it is occurring, it either must be still at a low frequency or must be confined to particular sites. So far, horn fly resistance to OPs has been reported only in the USA (CILEK et al, 1991;STEELMAN et al, 1994;BARROS et al, 2001) and Mexico (GARCÍA et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Susceptibility of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), to insecticides in Brazil

Barros

Saueressig

Gomes

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Since horn fly populations became established throughout Brazil, complaints regarding control failure have increased around the country. A broad survey to evaluate the susceptibility of horn flies to both organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid insecticides was conducted from October 2000 to April 2003. Bioassays using filter papers impregnated with cypermethrin, permethrin or diazinon were conducted on 154 horn fly populations in 14 states and 78 municipalities. Resistance to cypermethrin, the active ingredient present in most insecticide products for horn fly control in Brazil, was detected in 98.46% of the populations, with resistance ratios (RR) ranging from 2.5 to 719.9. Resistance to permethrin (RRs ≤ 6.3) was found in 96.67% of the populations, despite its lack of use. In general, pyrethroid resistance was detected in 97.18% of the horn fly populations, with frequencies greater than 87% in all regions of the country. The status of susceptibility of horn fly populations in Brazil to insecticides can be characterized by high susceptibility to OPs and widespread resistance to pyrethroids, potentially compromising the efficacy of pyrethroid products in most cases. Although some partial results have previously been presented, a general picture of horn fly susceptibility in Brazil is presented here for the first time.Keywords: Horn flies, pyrethroid resistance, parasite resistance. ResumoDesde a dispersão da mosca-dos-chifres, no Brasil, queixas sobre seu controle aumentaram em todo o país. Um amplo levantamento objetivando avaliar a suscetibilidade da mosca a inseticidas organofosforados (OF) e piretróides foi realizado de outubro de 2000 a abril de 2003. Bioensaios com papéis de filtro impregnados com cipermetrina, permetrina ou diazinon foram conduzidos em 154 populações da mosca-dos-chifres de 14 Estados e 78 municípios. Resistência à cipermetrina, ingrediente ativo presente na maioria dos produtos para controle da mosca-dos-chifres no Brasil, foi detectada em 98,46% das populações, com fatores de resistência (FR) variando de 2,5 a 719,9. Resistência à permetrina (FR ≤ 6,3) foi encontrada em 96,67% das populações testadas, apesar da falta de uso de produtos contendo este princípio ativo. Em geral, resistência a piretróides foi detectada em 97,18% das populações, com frequências acima de 87% em todas as regiões do país. A situação da suscetibilidade da mosca-dos-chifres a inseticidas, no Brasil, pode ser caracterizada por uma elevada suscetibilidade aos organofosforados e ocorrência generalizada de resistência aos piretróides, potencialmente comprometendo a eficácia desses produtos na maioria dos casos. Embora resultados parciais tenham sido apresentados anteriormente, um quadro geral da suscetibilidade da mosca-dos-chifres no Brasil é apresentado pela primeira vez.Palavras-chave: Mosca-dos-chifres, resistência a piretróides, resistência parasitária.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), to insecticides in Brazil

Barros

Saueressig

Gomes

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Actually, the evidences gathered by previous studies (GUERRERO ;BARROS, 2006;BARROS et al, 2007;SABATINI et al, 2009) have already suggested that the major mechanism behind pyrethroid resistance in the country would be metabolic, most likely oxidative. This situation contrasted with findings abroad, where higher frequencies of kdr have been reported and this mechanism seemed to play a more important role (JAMROZ et al, 1998;LI et al, 2003;OYARZÚN et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance inHaematobia irritans (Muscidae) from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil

Barros

Schumaker

Koller

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Horn fly resistance to pyrethroid insecticides occurs throughout Brazil, but knowledge about the involved mechanisms is still in an incipient stage. This survey was aimed to identify the mechanisms of horn fly resistance to cypermethrin in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Impregnated filter paper bioassays using cypermethrin, synergized or not with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), were conducted from March 2004 to June 2005 in horn fly populations (n = 33) from all over the state. All populations were highly resistant to cypermethrin, with resistance factors (RF) ranging from 89.4 to 1,020.6. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation also were performed in 16 samples. The kdr mutation was found in 75% of the tested populations, mostly with relatively low frequencies (<20%), and was absent in some highly resistant populations. Addition of TPP did not significantly reduce the LC 50 in any population. However, PBO reduced LC 50 s above 40-fold in all tested populations, resulting in RFs ≤ 10 in most cases. Horn fly resistance to cypermethrin is widespread in the state, being primarily caused by an enhanced activity of P450 mono-oxygenases and secondarily by reduced target site sensitivity.Keywords: Horn fly, insecticide resistance, metabolic resistance, kdr. ResumoResistência da mosca-dos-chifres a inseticidas piretróides ocorre em todo o país, entretanto, o conhecimento sobre os mecanismos envolvidos é ainda incipiente. Este estudo objetivou identificar os mecanismos de resistência desta mosca à cipermetrina em Mato Grosso do Sul. Bioensaios utilizando papéis impregnados com cipermetrina, isoladamente ou sinergizada por butóxido de piperonila (PBO) ou trifenil fosfato (TPP), foram realizados de março/2004 a junho/2005 em 33 populações. Todas as populações apresentaram elevada resistência à cipermetrina, com fatores de resistência (FR) variando de 89,4 a 1.020,6. Ensaios de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) visando a detecção de kdr ("knockdown resistance") foram realizados em 16 amostras. A mutação kdr foi detectada em 75% das populações, geralmente em baixas frequências (<20%) e ausente em algumas populações resistentes. A adição de TPP não reduziu significativamente a CL 50 em nenhuma população. Entretanto, o PBO reduziu em mais de 40 vezes a CL 50 de todas as populações testadas, resultando em FR ≤ 10 na maioria dos casos. Resistência da mosca-dos-chifres à cipermetrina encontra-se disseminada no estado, sendo causada primariamente por um aumento da atividade de P450 mono-oxigenases e secundariamente pela redução da sensibilidade do sítio de ação do inseticida.Palavras-chave: Mosca-dos-chifres, resistência a inseticidas, resistência metabólica, kdr.

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“…High levels of insecticide resistance are also observed for Aedes aegypti in three Brazilian states (Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and Ceará) [ 84 , 85 ] and for the house fly Musca domestica in three Argentinean populations [ 86 ]. The horn fly, Haematobia irritans , showed high frequencies of the kdr mutation, associated with high levels of pyrethroid resistance, in southern Chile [ 87 ]. Our results, in addition to many other studies, indicate that insecticide resistance is widespread throughout South America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incongruent Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genetic Structure of New World Screwworm Fly Populations Due to Positive Selection of Mutations Associated with Dimethyl- and Diethyl-Organophosphates Resistance

2015

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Livestock production is an important economic activity in Brazil, which has been suffering significant losses due to the impact of parasites. The New World screwworm (NWS) fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is an ectoparasite and one of the most important myiasis-causing flies endemic to the Americas. The geographic distribution of NWS has been reduced after the implementation of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), being eradicated in North America and part of Central America. In South America, C. hominivorax is controlled by chemical insecticides, although indiscriminate use can cause selection of resistant individuals. Previous studies have associated the Gly137Asp and Trp251Leu mutations in the active site of carboxylesterase E3 to resistance of diethyl and dimethyl-organophosphates insecticides, respectively. Here, we have sequenced a fragment of the carboxylesterase E3 gene (ChαE7), comprising part of intron iII, exon eIII, intron iIII and part of exon eIV, and three mitochondrial gene sequences (CR, COI and COII), of NWS flies from 21 locations in South America. These markers were used for population structure analyses and the ChαE7 gene was also investigated to gain insight into the selective pressures that have shaped its evolution. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and pairwise FST analysis indicated an increased genetic structure between locations in the ChαE7 compared to the concatenated mitochondrial genes. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) indicated different degrees of genetic structure for all markers, in agreement with the AMOVA results, but with low correlation to geographic data. The NWS fly is considered a panmitic species based on mitochondrial data, while it is structured into three groups considering the ChαE7 gene. A negative association between the two mutations related to organophosphate resistance and Fay & Wu’s H significant negative values for the exons, suggest that these mutations evolved under positive selection.

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High Levels of Insecticide Resistance in Introduced Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations and Implications for Management

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Susceptibility of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), to insecticides in Brazil

Susceptibility of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), to insecticides in Brazil

Mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance inHaematobia irritans (Muscidae) from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil

Incongruent Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genetic Structure of New World Screwworm Fly Populations Due to Positive Selection of Mutations Associated with Dimethyl- and Diethyl-Organophosphates Resistance

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