High Latitude Sea Surface Skin Temperatures Derived From Saildrone Infrared Measurements

Jia, Chong; Minnett, Peter J.; Szczodrak, M.; Izaguirre, Miguel

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3231519

Cited by 6 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The results in Table 2 are very close to that expected value, indicating an appropriate correction for the reflected sky radiation by Jia et al. (2023).…”

Section: Datasupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The SBE 37 and RBR CTDs also show good agreement, while the RBR T.ODO has a larger bias of 0.028 K. The SST skin data from days free of thermal stratification are expected to be cooler than SST depth by ∼0.17 K because of the skin effect (Donlon et al, 2002). The results in Table 2 are very close to that expected value, indicating an appropriate correction for the reflected sky radiation by Jia et al (2023).…”

Section: Subsurface Temperatures (Sst Depth )supporting

confidence: 61%

“…According to numerical climate model simulations, the largest contribution to Arctic Amplification was found to be from enhanced temperature feedbacks rather than the surface albedo feedback mechanism (Pithan & Mauritsen, 2014), indicating that SST is one of the key parameters to understand the climate change in the Arctic. Saildrone, an advanced ASV, has proven to be capable of measuring sufficiently accurate SST data at high latitudes (Jia et al., 2023). This paper used both SST skin and SST depth as well as some auxiliary meteorological variables from two Saildrones, SD‐1036 and SD‐1037, deployed in the Arctic from Alaska in the summer of 2019 to study the diurnal variability of upper ocean thermal stratifications.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the IR spectral radiance measured by sea-viewing CT15 pyrometers include a component of atmospheric downwelling radiance reflected at the ocean surface, the measurements of CT09, pointing at the same zenith angle as the sea-viewing senor to nadir, can be used to correct for the sky radiance reflection in CT15. The sea-viewing measurement is expressed as: Based on the equations above, Jia et al (2023) rigorously determined the SST skin using the data from SD-1036 and SD-1037, considering the effects of varying viewing geometry due to Saildrone tilts. After analyzing the error budget, the SST skin derivations are proven to be sufficiently accurate (∼0.1 K) for scientific research after excluding measurements contaminated by nearby sea ice or during or shortly after precipitation.…”

Section: Skin Temperatures (Sst Skin )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the equations above, Jia et al. (2023) rigorously determined the SST skin using the data from SD‐1036 and SD‐1037, considering the effects of varying viewing geometry due to Saildrone tilts. After analyzing the error budget, the SST skin derivations are proven to be sufficiently accurate (∼0.1 K) for scientific research after excluding measurements contaminated by nearby sea ice or during or shortly after precipitation.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significant Diurnal Warming Events Observed by Saildrone at High Latitudes

2023

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The sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the essential parameters needed to understand the climate change in the Arctic. Saildrone, an advanced autonomous surface vehicle, has proven to be a useful tool for providing accurate SST data at high latitudes. Here, data from two Saildrones, deployed in the Arctic in the summer of 2019, are used to investigate the diurnal variability of upper ocean thermal structure. An empirical cool skin effect model with dependence on the wind speed with new coefficients was generated. Several local large diurnal warming events were observed, the amplitudes of warming in the skin layer >5 K, rarely reported in previous studies. Furthermore, the warming signals could persist beyond 1 day. For those cases, it was found surface warm air suppressed the surface turbulent heat loss to maintain the persistence of diurnal warming under low wind conditions. Salinity also plays an important role in the formation of upper ocean density stratification during diurnal warming at high latitudes. A less salty and hence less dense surface layer was likely created by precipitation or melting sea ice, providing favorable conditions for the formation of upper ocean stratification. Comparisons with two prognostic diurnal warming models showed the simulations match reasonably well with Saildrone measurements for moderate wind speeds but exhibit large differences at low winds. Both schemes show significant negative biases in the early morning and late afternoon. It is necessary to improve the model schemes when applied at high latitudes.

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“…The results in Table 2 are very close to that expected value, indicating an appropriate correction for the reflected sky radiation by Jia et al. (2023).…”

Section: Datasupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Subsurface Temperatures (Sst Depth )supporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skin Temperatures (Sst Skin )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significant Diurnal Warming Events Observed by Saildrone at High Latitudes

2023

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Significant Diurnal Warming Events Observed by Saildrone at High Latitudes

Jia

Minnett

Luo

2022

Preprint

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The sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the essential parameters to understand the climate change in the Arctic. Saildrone, an advanced autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), has proven to be a useful tool for providing sufficiently accurate SST data at high latitudes. Here, data from two Saildrones, deployed in the Arctic in the summer of 2019, are used to investigate the diurnal variability of upper ocean thermal structure. An empirical cool skin effect model with dependence on the wind speed with new coefficients was generated. Several local large diurnal warming events were observed, the amplitudes of warming in the skin layer > 5 K, rarely reported in previous studies. Furthermore, the warming signals could persist beyond one day. For those cases, it was found surface warm air suppressed the surface turbulent heat loss to maintain the persistence of diurnal warming under low wind conditions. Salinity also plays an important role in the formation of upper ocean density stratification during diurnal warming at high latitudes. A less salty surface layer was likely created by precipitation or melting sea ice, providing favorable conditions for the formation of upper ocean stratification. By comparing with two prognostic diurnal warming models, the simulations match reasonably well with those from the Saildrone for moderate wind speed conditions but exhibit large differences at low winds. Both schemes show significant negative biases in the early morning and late afternoon. It is necessary to further improve the model schemes when applied at high latitudes.

show abstract